====== LPIC-2 Test Examen 201 ======
Preguntas de repaso del módulo LPI-201 para la certificación [[informatica:certificaciones:lpic:lpic-2|LPIC-2]].
**In capacity planning exercises, which tools assist in listing and identifying processes of interest? (Choose TWO correct answers.)**
* ''acpid''
* ''lsof'' (**Solución**)
* ''pstree'' (**Solución**)
* ''telinit''
**Which of the following tools are used to measure memory usage? (Choose THREE correct answers.)**
* ''mpstat''
* ''pstree''
* ''sar'' (**Solución**)
* ''top'' (**Solución**)
* ''vmstat'' (**Solución**)
**In the following output from top, which processes contribute to the percentage of time that the CPU spends in the state of wa?**
Tasks: 193 total, 1 running, 190 sleeping, 2 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.5%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.2%id, 1.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
* Processes waiting for user interaction.
* Processes that were already closed and are waiting to be launched again.
* Processes that have not been scheduled yet because they haven't been fully loaded into RAM or are in swap.
* Processes waiting for IO operations to complete. (**Solución**)
**Which of the following is a side effect of extensive usage of swap space?**
* The root filesystem may become full because swap space is always located on the system root partition
* The overall system performance may degrade because of heavy hard disk use and memory reorganization. (**Solución**)
* Since processes always exist completely in either RAM or swap, regular RAM may become unused if the kernel does not move processes back from the swap space to memory.
* The memory may become fragmented and slow down the access to memory pages. However, this can be kept to a minimum by the regular use of ''memfrag -d.''
* Applications need to restart because their virtual memory addresses change to reflect memory relocation to the swap address area.
**In the below example output, which columns detail the percent of time the CPU spent running non-kernel code and the percent of time the CPU spent running kernel code? (Choose TWO correct answers.)**
# vmstat 1 100
procs ----memory---------- --swap-- --io-- --system-- --cpu--
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 359 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1117 577 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 366 0 0 100 0
* ''id''
* ''us'' (**Solución**)
* ''wa''
* ''sy'' (**Solución**)
**In this example output, which descriptions match the purpose of the free, buff and cache columns? (Choose THREE correct answers.)**
# vmstat 1 100
procs ----memory---------- --swap-- --io-- --system-- --cpu--
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 359 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1117 577 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 366 0 0 100 0
* Used swap space
* RAM available for filesystem buffers Incorrecta
* Available free RAM (**Solución**)
* RAM used for buffers (**Solución**)
* RAM used for filesystem cache (**Solución**)
**In the following output, the load averages represent the system load averages for what time frames?**
# uptime
12:10:05 up 18 days, 19:00, 2 users, load averagE. 0.47, 24.71, 35.31
* 1, 5 and 15 minutes (**Solución**)
* 1, 15 and 30 minutes
* 1, 15, and 30 seconds
* 15, 30 and 60 minutes
* 15, 30 and 60 seconds
**What is a key difference between a zImage and bzImage kernel image?**
* zImage is compressed using gzip, bzImage is compressed using bzip2.
* zImage is for 2.6 series kernels, bzImage is for 3.x series kernels.
* zImage is limited to 64k, bzImage has no such restriction.
* zImage gets loaded completely into low memory. bzImage will load into high memory once low memory is full. (**Solución**)
**Which of the following command sequences can be used to extract files contained in a initramfs file (/boot/initramfs) which is used by the kernel at boot time?**
* ''cp /boot/initramfs /tmp/initramfs.gz; gzip -c /tmp/initramfs.gz; mkdir /tmp/initramfs.dir ; cd /tmp/initramfs.dir ; cpio -i < /tmp/initramfs''
* ''cp /boot/initramfs /tmp/initramfs.gz; gunzip /tmp/initramfs.gz; mkdir /tmp/initramfs.dir ; cd /tmp/initramfs.dir ; cpio -i < /tmp/initramfs'' (**Solución**)
* ''cp /boot/initramfs /tmp/initramfs.gz; gunzip /tmp/initramfs.gz; mount /tmp/initramfs /mnt/ -o loop -t initramfs''
* ''cp /boot/initramfs /tmp/initramfs.gz; gunzip /tmp/initramfs.gz; mkdir /tmp/initramfs.dir ; cd /tmp/initramfs.dir ; cpio -e /tmp/initramfs''
* ''cp /boot/initramfs /tmp/initramfs.gz; gunzip /tmp/initramfs.gz; mount /tmp/initramfs /mnt/ -o loop -t initrd''
Incluyo abajo una explicación porque este comando no está en la teoría.
''cpio'' es una herramienta para empaquetar/desempaquetar archivos como ''tar''. Los kernles nuevos emplean ''cpio'' para crear el archivo ''initrd'' o ''initramfs''. Con la opción ''-i'' indicamos que queremos extraer (desempaquetar) desde un archivo. Por ejemplo:
cpio -i < /tmp/initramfs
Extraería el contenido de ''/tmp/initramfs'' en el directorio actual.
**On a server running the 3.4.50-11 Linux kernel, which file in the /boot directory contains the kernel configuration parameters?**
* ''config-linux-3.4.50-11''
* ''config-3.4.50-11'' (**Solución**)
* ''system-3.4.50-11''
* ''vmlinuz-3.4.50-11''
* ''rc.config-3.4.50-11''
**Which archive format is used to create an initramfs image?**
* ''gzip''
* ''tar''
* ''RAR''
* ''cpio'' (**Solución**)
* ''bzip2''
Kernels antiguos emplean ''tar'', pero los modernos usan ''cpio''.
**How can the kernel parameter for the maximum size of the shared memory segment (shmmax) be changed to 2GB (2147483648 Bytes) on a running system? (Choose TWO correct answers.)**
* Edit ''/etc/shmmax'' and set the parameter to 2147483648.
* ''sysctl shmmax=2147483648''
* ''sysctl kernel.shmmax=2147483648'' (**Solución**)
* ''echo 2147483648 > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax'' (**Solución**)
* ''export kernel.shmmax=2147483648''
**Which option to the update-rc.d command will cause the removal of all symlinks to ''/etc/rcX.d/*test2'' even when the script ''/etc/init.d/test2'' still exists?**
* ''-d''
* ''-f'' (**Solución**)
* ''-n''
* ''-r''
**If all of the following files and/or symlinks exist in a SysV-init runlevel directory, which of the following will be executed first when booting the system directly into the runlevel?**
* ''S99lpi''
* ''K99lpi''
* ''PRE-S99lpi''
* ''S98lpi'' (**Solución**)
* ''S99a-lpi''
**A system with SysV-init has a service installed called apache2. Which file controls the start and stop of this service and is referenced by the various runlevel directories?**
* ''/etc/init.d/apache2'' (**Solución**)
* ''/etc/rc2.d/70apache2''
* ''/etc/rc2.d/apache2''
* ''/etc/rc2.d/apache2.start''
**After changing the default runlevel in the SysV-init configuration file, the system boots in a different than intended runlevel. Where else could this different runlevel be defined?**
* In the ''/etc/sysctl.conf''
* In the boot loader configuration file (**Solución**)
* In the ''/etc/runlevel'' file
* In the ''/boot/initramfs'' file
* In the ''/etc/rc.d/rc.local'' file
**Why is the root file system mounted read-only during boot and remounted with write permission later on?**
* Because if problems with the root file system are detected during the boot, fsck can be run, without risk of damage. (**Solución**)
* Because this way crackers cannot collect information about root with boot sniffers.
* To avoid writing to the disk, unless the root password is known.
* To avoid other operating systems overwriting the Linux root partition.
* Because the disk has its own write protection that cannot be changed by the operating system.
**Which files are updated as devices are mounted and unmounted to provide information on the currently mounted devices and the options used? (Choose TWO correct answers.)**
* ''/proc/dtab''
* ''/etc/mtab'' (**Solución**)
* ''/etc/fstab''
* ''/proc/mounts'' (**Solución**)
* ''/proc/devices''
**Due to extreme system use, a Linux system requires some additional swap space. To initialize 5GB of additional swap space, which combination of commands should be used?**
* ''dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swapfile bs=1024 count=5120000; swapon /tmp/swapfile''
* ''mkswap /tmp/swapfile 512000; swapon /tmp/swapfile''
* ''touch -5G /tmp/swapfile; swapon /tmp/swapfile''
* ''dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swapfile bs=1024 count=5120000; mkswap /tmp/swapfile; swapon /tmp/swapfile'' (**Solución**)
* ''dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swapfile bs=1024 count=5120000; mkswap /tmp/swapfile; mount /tmp/swapfile''
**What does a 0 in the last field (fsck order) of ''/etc/fstab'' indicate about the filesystem?**
* The filesystem should be checked after filesystems with higher values.
* The filesystem should be checked before filesystems with higher values.
* The filesystem check counter is ignored.
* The filesystem does not require an fsck check when being mounted. (**Solución**)
* The filesystem has been disabled from being checked and mounted on the system.
**Which of the following best describes the format of the /etc/fstab file?**
* device name; filesystem type; mount point; mount options; dump filesystem; fsck order
* device name; mount point; filesystem type; mount options; dump filesystem; fsck order (**Solución**)
* device name; mount point; mount options; filesystem type; dump filesystem; fsck order
* mount point; filesystem type; device name; mount options; dump filesystem; fsck order
* mount point; device name; filesystem type; mount options; dump filesystem; fsck order
**How can the label root be added to the ext2 filesystem on ''/dev/sda1''?**
* ''labelfs --device /dev/sda1 root''
* ''echo 'root' > /proc/fs/sda1/label''
* ''tune2fs -L root /dev/sda1'' (**Solución**)
* ''relabel /dev/sda1 root''
**Which of the following is a CD-ROM filesystem standard?**
* OSI9660
* ISO9660 (**Solución**)
* SR0FS
* ISO8859
* ROM-EO
**What is the minimum number of disks required in a fully redundant RAID5 array?**
* 1
* 2
* 3 (**Solución**)
* 4
* 5
**Which file in ''/proc'' contains information on the status of local software RAID devices?**
* ''/proc/raidstat''
* ''/proc/mdstat'' (**Solución**)
* ''/proc/raidstatus''
* ''/proc/mdstatus''
* ''/proc/raid/status''
**Which single command will simulate a failed device within a RAID 5 array?**
* ''mdadm %%--%%force-fault /dev/md2 /dev/sde2''
* ''mdadm /dev/md0 %%--%%offline /dev/sdc1''
* ''mdadm %%--%%fail /dev/md0 /dev/sdc1'' (**Solución**)
* ''mdadm %%--%%remove /dev/md0 /dev/sdd1''
* ''mdadm %%--%%zero-superblock /dev/sdf3''
**Which RAID level value must be used with Linux software RAID in order to create an array of mirrored devices?**
* 1 (**Solución**)
* 5
* 6
* container
* mirrorstripe
**Which of the following commands is used to set up a RAID volume?**
* ''makerd''
* ''mdadm'' (**Solución**)
* ''mkfs.raid''
* ''makeraid''
* ''rdconfig''
**What is incorrect about these entries in ''/etc/hosts'' which could be causing host name lookup problems with hosts2?**
host1 192.168.1.12
host2 192.168.1.12
* Two host names are using the same IP address.
* The server doing the query is on a different subnet.
* The fields are out of order. (**Solución**)
* host2 is not a fully qualified domain name.
* ''/var/log''
**Which command can be used to scan a specified network looking for IP addresses that appear to be in use?**
* ''nmap'' (**Solución**)
* ''tcpdump''
* ''ip''
* ''netscan''
* ''hostdiscover''
**What command is used to make an exact copy, at a single point in time, of a logical volume for backup purposes?**
* ''lvsnap''
* ''lvsnapshot''
* ''lvcreate'' (**Solución**)
* ''lvcopy''
* ''lvclone''
**What mount option must be used in ''/etc/fstab'' when mounting an iSCSI target?**
* ''_santarget''
* ''iscsi''
* ''waitiscsi''
* ''_netdev'' (**Solución**)
**The main configuration file for autofs has this entry:**
/home /etc/auto.home
**What is the meaning of the ''/etc/auto.home'' file?**
* It has the indirect maps for the mounting of file systems. (**Solución**)
* It has configuration information, suchh as passwords and keys, for the remote file server.
* It has configuration information on settings for the /home mount point.
* It is the holds the SSL key to allow authentication to the remote file server.
**Where would ''fsck'' put any unreferenced file or file fragments on a ext4 filesystem?**
* ''recover''
* ''lost+found'' (**Solución**)
* ''back''
* ''lost''
**What component of a system does ''smartd'' monitor?**
* CPU
* RAM
* Hard drives (**Solución**)
* Ethernet traffic
**What are the main network services used by the PXE protocol? (Choose TWO correct answers.)**
* DNS
* DHCP (**Solución**)
* HTTP
* TFTP (**Solución**)
* NFS
**What is the functionality that PXE provides?**
* The ability to boot a computer using its network interface. (**Solución**)
* The ability to launch an remote X11 desktop on a computer.
* The ability to verify a system's configuration after completing the boot process.
* The ability to verify a system's configuration before completing the boot process.
**What mechanism does ''collectd'' use to gather monitoring information on systems?**
* It uses a library of plugins. (**Solución**)
* A master server connects to a collectd service on each machine to retrieve the information.
* It collects its own information on each server and sends that to a master server.
* It makes SNMP queries to the clients being monitored.
**Which of the following commands will securely copy the directory ''./fyf'' to ''/var/tmp'' on the remote host ''deltaur'' using the remote user account ''kevin''?**
* ''rsync -a -e ssh kevin@deltaur:/var/tmp/ fyf/''
* ''rsync -a -u kevin -e ssh fyf/ deltaur:/var/tmp''
* ''rsync -a -u kevin -e ssh deltaur:/var/tmp fyf/''
* ''rsync -a -e ssh fyf/ kevin@deltaur:/var/tmp/'' (**Solución**)
**Which file contains the text message that is displayed after logging into the console? (Specify the full name of the file, including path.)**
* ''/etc/motd''
**The users of the local network complain that name resolution is not fast enough. Enter the command, without the path or any options, that shows the time taken to resolve a DNS query.**
* ''dig''
**According to the ''tcpdump'' output below, what is the IP address of the client host?**
02:12:40.511381 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: S 3838532429:3838532429(0) win 5840
02:12:40.511540 IP 192.168.246.1.22 > 192.168.246.11.1045: S 1209330085:1209330085(0) ack 3838532430 win 5792
02:12:40.511755 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: .ack 1 win 1460
02:12:40.515122 IP 192.168.246.1.22 > 192.168.246.11.1045: P 1:26(25) ack 1 win 5792
02:12:40.515511 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: ack 26 win 1460
02:12:40.515952 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: P 1:23(22) ack 26 win 1460
* ''192.168.246.11''
**Which command is used to create a ISO9660 filesystem? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)**
* ''mkisofs''
**Consider the following ''/etc/fstab'' file:**
/dev/hda1 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/hda2 / ext2 defaults 1 1
/dev/hda3 /home ext2 defaults 1 2
none /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /media/usb0 vfat user,noauto 0 0
**What is one of possible commands that an ordinary (non-root) user can use to mount the /dev/sdb1 partition on the /media/usb0 mount point? (Please enter the command with all parameters and/or options but without any file system type options.)**
* ''mount /dev/sdb1''
También se podría hacer con ''mount /media/usb0''
**Please enter the complete path to the main SysV init process configuration file.**
* ''/etc/inittab''
**Which directory contains the system-specific ''udev'' rule files? (Specify the absolute path including the directory name)**
* ''/etc/udev/rules.d/''
**A database application requires a maximum shared memory segment (''shmmax'') of 2GB (2147483648 Bytes). Which configuration file should be modified to set this kernel parameter permanently? (Specify the full name of the file, including path.)**
* ''/etc/sysctl.conf''
**According to the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), what is the path to the Linux kernel source and may be a symbolic link to the real Linux source code? (Please specify the full path with no version information.)**
* ''/usr/src/linux''
**According to the ''tcpdump'' output below, what is the IP address of the client host?**
02:12:40.511381 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: S 3838532429:3838532429(0) win 5840
02:12:40.511540 IP 192.168.246.1.22 > 192.168.246.11.1045: S 1209330085:1209330085(0) ack 3838532430 win 5792
02:12:40.511755 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: .ack 1 win 1460
02:12:40.515122 IP 192.168.246.1.22 > 192.168.246.11.1045: P 1:26(25) ack 1 win 5792
02:12:40.515511 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: ack 26 win 1460
02:12:40.515952 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: P 1:23(22) ack 26 win 1460
* ''192.168.246.11''
**Which file contains the message that is displayed above the login prompt of the system console? (Specify the full name of the file, including path.)**
* ''/etc/issue''
**What is the device name for the first SCSI tape drive on a system when used without automatic rewinding after each write operation? (Please specify the full path to the device.)**
* ''/dev/nst0''
**Running ''tcpdump -nli eth1 'tcp''' shows the following output:**
14:41:53.694538 IP 10.1.52.145.51738 > 24.215.7.162.143: Flags [.], ack 33051, win 1002, options [nop,nop, TS val 36789130 ecr 1746004159], length 0
**What is the source IP address of this packet? (Please specify the answer in digits and dots ONLY.)**
* ''10.1.52.145''
**Which program lists information about files and network connections opened by processes? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)**
* ''lsof''
**The following command has just been run sucessfully:**
cd /opt; tar xvf /dev/nst0:
**What will happen if the command sequence is run again?**
* An error saying that there is no tape present is generated because the tape has been ejected after being used.
* The contents of ''/opt'' will be restored again.
* The entire contents of ''/opt'' wil be replaced with the contents of the next file on the tape.
* The contents of ''/opt'' will have additional content added from the next file on the tape. (**Solución**)
**Under which of the following circumstances would the command ''ping'' output the string (DUP!)?**
* When the ICMP packets are send to a broadcast address and multiple hosts respond. (**Solución**)
* When the host being sent ICMP packets is on a different network.
* When the router responds to the ICMP packet in addition to the host receiving the ICMP packets.
* When the host sending the ICMP packet is the same host as the one receiving the ICMP packets.
**Which of the following filter keywords for ''tcpdump'' specify the transfer direction for network packets? (Choose TWO correct answers.)**
* ''source''
* ''src'' (**Solución**)
* ''dest''
* ''src or dst'' (**Solución**)
* ''both''
**What command will remove a physical volume from a volume group? **
* ''vgreduce''
**What action should be performed after increasing the size of a logical volume?**
* Run ''vgresize.''
* Increase the size of the filesystem used for the logical volume. (**Solución**)
* Run ''lvresize''.
* Remount the logical volume.
**What are the options to ''node.starup'' in the ''iscsid.conf'' file? (Choose TWO correct answers.)**
* login
* initiate
* ''manual'' (**Solución**)
* ''discover''
* ''automatic '' (**Solución**)
Revisar dónde viene esto explicado
**Which of the following is an example path to a Linux software RAID array?**
* ''/dev/raid0''
* ''/dev/rd1''
* ''/dev/pr0''
* ''/dev/md1'' (**Solución**)
**Which of the following are common backup systems used in Linux? (Choose TWO correct answers.)**
* Amanda (**Solución**)
* Bacula (**Solución**)
* DrBackup
* BREWBackup
* SARcheck
**Which of the following commands will erase the contents of the ''/dev/sdb3'' partition?**
* ''rm /dev/sdb3''
* ''dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb3'' (**Solución**)
* ''dd of=/dev/zero if=/dev/sdb3''
* ''umount /dev/sdb3''
**A regular user, joe, has just run:**
./configure && make && make install
**to build and install a program. However, the installation fails. What could be done to install the program? (Choose TWO correct answers.)**
* Install the binaries manually with suinstall.
* Run ''make install'' with root privileges. (**Solución**)
* Do not run ./configure in order to maintain the default configuration for correct installation.
* Rerun ''./configure'' with a ''--prefix'' option where the user has permissions to write. (**Solución**)
* Run ''make install_local'' to install into ''/usr/local''.
**What should be done after updating the configuration file for ''syslogd'' in order to make the changes become effective? (Choose TWO correct answers.)**
* No action is required, syslogd will notice the updated configuration file after a few minutes.
* Send the HUP signal to the ''syslogd'' process. (**Solución**)
* Restart the syslogd service. (**Solución**)
* Run the command ''syslogd -u''
**What does the ''-p3'' option to the patch command do?**
* It will strip off path information from each file mentioned in the patch file up to and including the third / character. (**Solución**)
* patch continues execution as long as there are three or fewer errors.
* It instructs patch to look up to three lines of context before or after the declared line in the original file for a match.
* patch will keep three previous versions of each file in the output to prevent loss of change history.
* It instructs patch to conform more strictly to the POSIC standard.
**When a ''makefile'' is included in a source code package, what are commonly defined targets in the file?**
* CFLAGS, CPPFLAGS, LIBS, LDFLAGS
* ''clean'', ''install'', ''uninstall'' (**Solución**)
* PATHS, DESTDIR, LIBS, LDFLAGS
* prefix, exec_prefix, bindir, mandir
**Which of the following files will be looked for and used by GNU ''make'', if one of them exists, unless a different file is specified on the command line when trying to compile software from source code? (Choose TWO correct answers.)**
* ''configure''
* ''config.h.in''
* ''makefile'' (**Solución**)
* ''Makefile'' (**Solución**)
* ''Makefile.in''
**A correctly formatted entry has been added to ''/etc/hosts.deny'' to prevent certain clients from connecting to a service but this is having no effect. What could be the cause of this? (Choose TWO correct answers.)**
* tcpd needs to be sent the HUP signal.
* The service needs to be restarted.
* The machine needs to be restarted.
* There is a conflicting entry in ''/etc/hosts.allow'' (**Solución**)
* The service does not support tcpwrapper. (**Solución**)
**Which ''/etc/hosts.allow'' entries will permit access to ''sshd'' for users from the ''192.168.1.0/24'' subnet? (Choose TWO correct answers.)**
* ''sshd: 192.168.1.'' (**Solución**)
* ''sshd: 192.168.1''
* ''sshd: 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0''
* ''sshd: 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0'' (**Solución**)
* ''sshd: 192.168.1.0''
**A network client has an ethernet interface (''eth0'') configured with an IP address in the subnet ''192.168.0.0/24''. This subnet has a router, with the IP address ''192.168.0.1'', that connects this subnet to the Internet. What needs to be done on the client to enable it to use the router as its default gateway? (Choose TWO correct answers.)**
* ''route add default gw 192.168.0.1 eth0'' (**Solución**)
* ''ifconfig eth0 defaultroute 192.168.0.1''
* ''ip route add default via 192.168.0.1 dev eth0'' (**Solución**)
* ''echo "defaultroute 192.168.0.1" >> /etc/resolv.conf''
* ''route add defaultgw=192.168.0.1 if=eth0''
**What should be done to ensure a client machine uses the recursive nameserver running on the IP address ''192.168.0.1''? (Choose TWO correct answers.)**
* Add nameserver ''192.168.0.1'' to ''/etc/resolv.conf'' (**Solución**)
* Run ''route add nameserver 192.168.0.1''
* Run ''ifconfig eth0 nameserver 192.168.0.1''
* Ensure that the dns service is listed in the hosts entry in the ''/etc/nsswitch.conf'' file. (**Solución**)
* Run ''bind add nameserver 192.168.0.1''
**The correct command sequence to create and mount logical volumes on a Linux system is:**
* ''pvcreate'', ''vgcreate'', ''lvcreate'', ''mkfs'', ''mount'' (**Solución**)
* ''lvcreate'', ''pvcreate'', ''vgcreate'', ''mkfs'', ''mount''
* ''pvcreate'', ''lvcreate'', ''vgcreate'', ''mkfs'', ''mount''
* ''mkfs'', ''pvcreate'', ''vgcreate'', ''lvcreate'', ''mount''
* ''vgcreate'', ''lvcreate'', ''pvcreate'', ''mount'', ''mkfs''
**What is the purpose of the command ''vgextend''?**
* Create a volume group which uses all available space on disk.
* Increase the number of days between scheduled error checking.
* Add physical volumes to an existing volume group. (**Solución**)
* Extend a volume group's footprint on disk.
**Which two LVM commands are missing from the following sequence which is used to create a logical volume and make use of it on a Linux system? pvcreate, _________, _________, mkfs, mount**
* ''lvcreate'', ''mdadm''
* ''lvcreate'', ''vgcreate''
* ''lvmcreate'', ''vgcreate''
* ''vgcreate'', ''lvcreate'' (**Solución**)
* ''vgcreate'', ''mdadm''
**Considering the following kernel IP routing table below, which of the following commands must be used to remove the route to the network ''10.10.1.0/24''? (Select TWO answers)**
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
203.0.113.162 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0
172.16.87.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.246.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
10.10.1.0 192.168.246.11 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1
127.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo
0.0.0.0 203.0.113.162 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ppp0
* ''ip net delete 10.10.1.0/24''
* ''route del 10.10.1.0/24''
* ''route del -net 10.10.1.0/24'' (**Solución**)
* ''route del 10.10.1.0/24 gw 192.168.246.11''
* ''ip route delete 10.10.1.0/24'' (**Solución**)
**Which of the following wireless tools can be used to check the wireless network link quality? (Choose TWO correct answers).**
* ''iwconfig'' (**Solución**)
* ''iwlink''
* ''iwscan''
* ''iwifi''
* ''iwspy'' (**Solución**)
Esto no parece estar explicado en ningún lado de los recursos del curso.
**Which of the following files are used to resolve hostnames to IP address?(Choose TWO correct answers).**
* ''/etc/systems''
* ''/etc/hosts'' (**Solución**)
* ''/etc/network''
* ''/etc/dns.conf''
* ''/etc/resolv.conf'' (**Solución**)
**Which of the following commands will list the IPv4 neighbords of the current system? This includes IP and MAC addresses (Choose TWO correct answers).**
* ''arp'' (**Solución**)
* ''ifconfig -lv eth0''
* ''netstat -al''
* ''ip neigh show'' (**Solución**)
**What is the command to add another IP address (''192.168.1.2'') to a network interface (''eth0'') that already has (at least) one IP address in the ''192.168.1.0/24'' subnet?**
* ''ip addr add 192.168.1.2/32 dev eth0'' (**Solución**)
* ''ip add addr 192.168.1.2/32 dev eth0''
* ''ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.255''
* ''ipconfig eth0 192.168.1.2''
**The following is an excerpt from the output of ''tcpdump -nli eth1 'udp'''**:
13:03:17.277327 IP 192.168.123.5.1065 > 192.168.5.112.53: 43653+ A? lpi.org. (25)
13:03:17.598624 IP 192.168.5.112.53 > 192.168.123.5.1065: 43653 1/0/0 A 198.51.100.42 (41)
**Which network service or protocol was used?**
* FTP
* HTTP
* SSH
* DNS (**Solución**)
* DHCP
**The following is an excerpt from the output of ''tcpdump -nli eth1'':**
13:03:17.277327 IP 192.168.123.5.1065 > 192.168.5.112.21: Flags [.], ack 1 (truncated)
13:03:17.598624 IP 192.168.5.112.21 > 192.168.123.5.1065: Flags [P .], seq (truncated)
**Which network service or protocol was used?**
* FTP (**Solución**)
* HTTP
* SSH
* DNS
* DHCP
**Which of the following commands can be used to script interactions with various TCP or UDP services?**
* ''ftp''
* ''nc'' (**Solución**)
* ''tcpdump''
* ''strings''
* ''wget''
nc es el nombre del comando que algunas aplicaciones le dan a ''netcat''.
**The IDE hard drive ''/dev/hda'' does not have DMA enabled. Which command must be run to enable DMA on it?**
* ''hdparm -d /dev/hda''
* ''hdparm --dma /dev/hda''
* ''hdparm --dma /dev/hda1''
* ''hdparm -d /dev/hda1''
* ''hdparm -d 1 /dev/hda'' (**Solución**)
**A server has three disks of 80GB each and must manage a database with 4 million records of 30KB each. The best configuration for this server, with the criteria being performance, configurability and flexibility**
* Use just LVM
* Use RAID1 over LVM
* Use LVM over RAID5 (**Solución**)
* Use LVM over RAID1
* Use RAID5 over LVM
**What is the usable disk space of a RAID 5 array of five 18GB drives with one drive dedicated as a spare?**
* 18GB
* 36GB
* 54GB (**Solución**)
* 72GB
* 90GB
Poner aquí cómo se realiza este cálculo
**You decide to use the logical volume manager (LVM) to manage four 4GB disk drives. After creating the volume group, how would you create a 10GB logical volume called big-app?**
* ''vgcreate -p 10g -n /dev/vg01/big-app''
* ''vgcreate -l 2560 /dev/vg01/big-app''
* ''mklvm -v 10240 -n /dev/vg01/big-app''
* ''lvcreate -v 10240 /dev/vg01/big-app''
* ''lvcreate -l 2560 vg01 -n big-app'' (**Solución**)
La opción ''-l'' indica el número de //logical extents// (LE) que se reservarán para el nuevo volumen lógico. Por defecto, un //extent// son 4 MiB, así que 2560 * 4 = 10240 GiB
**Which RAID level provides the most redundancy?**
* RAID4
* RAID5
* RAID1 (**Solución**)
* RAID0
Redundancia se refiere a la duplicidad de los datos. El RAID 1 contiene una copia de cada archivo.
**In the following output, what is the 5 minute load average for the system?**
# uptime
12:10:05 up 18 days, 19:00, 2 users, load averagE. 0.47, 24.71, 35.31
* 0.47
* 24.71 (**Solución**)
* 35.31
* There is no 5 minute interval. It is some value between 0.47 and 24.71.
* There is no 5 minute interval. It is some value between 24.71 and 35.31.
**Which commands below are useful to collect data about remote filesystem connections? (Choose TWO correct answers.)**
* ''pidstat''
* ''nfsiostat'' (**Solución**)
* ''sadf''
* ''cifsiostat'' (**Solución**)
Esta información no aparece en el material del curso
**In the following output, what percentage of time was the CPU waiting for pending I/O?**
procs -------------memory---------- --swap-- --io-- --system-- ----cpu----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 359 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1117 577 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 366 0 0 100 0
* 0 (**Solución**)
* 100
* 35.9
* 57.7
* 36.6
Lo indica la columna ''wa'' (//waiting//)
**Which of the following commands will provide the PIDs of the processes sorted by which are using the most CPU cycles on the Linux system?**
* ''top'' (**Solución**)
* ''uptime''
* ''ps aux''
* ''vmstat''
* ''freemem''
**Which command will report information on memory usage, paging and block input/output?**
* ''free''
* ''memshow''
* ''ps''
* ''top''
* ''vmstat'' (**Solución**)
**When planning a web server which of the following choices will impact system sizing? (Choose THREE correct answers.)**
* How many concurrent users are expected. (**Solución**)
* Which hardware vendor has better Linux support.
* What type of content will be served. (**Solución**)
* What scripting languages will the web server support. (**Solución**)
* Will the OS install be CD, DVD or network based.
**When is historical data of resource usage important? (Select THREE correct answers.)**
* Predicting when resources will need to be increased. (**Solución**)
* Selecting a computer vendor.
* Identifying processes killed during out of memory occurrences.
* Diagnosing capacity problems. (**Solución**)
* Troubleshooting a software problem. (**Solución**)
**What happens if the Linux kernel can't mount the root filesystem when booting?**
* An error message is shown and the administrator is asked by the kernel to specify a valid root filesystem to continue the boot process.
* An error message is shown and the system reboots after a keypress.
* An error message is shown and the system boots in maintenance mode.
* An error message is shown showing which device couldn't be mounted or informing that ''init'' couldn't be found. (**Solución**)
* An error message is shown stating that the corresponding kernel module couldn't be loaded.
**Which of the following terms are used to describe 3.x kernel releases? (Choose TWO correct answers.)**
* beta
* final
* longterm (**Solución**)
* prerelease
* stable (**Solución**)
**What is the correct parameter to pass to the kernel at boot time to force it to use only one of the available processors?**
* ''maxcpus=1'' (**Solución**)
* ''usecpus=1''
* ''smpcpus=1''
* ''vcpumx=1''
Esta información no aparece en el material del curso
**What information does the file ''modules.dep'' provide?**
* A list of all modules, compiled or not, that are available to the kernel.
* A list of modules trusted by the installed kernel.
* A list of devices and their module name.
* A list of all compiled modules and their dependencies. (**Solución**)
* A list of modules the kernel needs to run.
**Which commands are used to load modules into the Linux kernel? (Choose TWO correct answers.)**
* ''insmod'' (**Solución**)
* ''loadmod''
* ''kernload''
* ''modprobe'' (**Solución**)
* ''probemod''
**What is the purpose of the command ''udevadm monitor''?**
* It listens to kernel events produced by a udev rule and print information to the console. (**Solución**)
* It monitors the ''/dev'' directory for new devices.
* It monitors the udev process and prints performance statistics to the console.
* It communicates with D-Bus to setup new devices.
**During booting, when the Linux kernel loads an ''initramfs'' file, which command from the ''initramfs'' will be executed first, if present?**
* ''/init'' (**Solución**)
* ''/initrd''
* ''/linuxrc''
* ''/rc.local''
* ''/sbin/init''
**In case the file containing the Linux kernel is lost, what happens when the system is booting?**
* The system starts normally since the bootloader copies the kernel to the master boot record of the hard disk.
* Instead of the kernel, the initramfs is loaded and instructed to mount the root filesystem and reinstall the kernel from the original package or from source.
* The bootloader mounts the root filesystem read-only and launches ''/bin/sh'' directly in order to allow the administrator to reinstall the kernel.
* Without a kernel a system cannot boot and, depending on the bootloader, an error is displayed. (**Solución**)
**A Linux server is running in single user mode for regular maintenance. Which commands are used to restore the server to its usual runlevel? (Choose TWO correct answers.)**
* ''telinit 0''
* ''shutdown -r now'' (**Solución**)
* ''sync''
* ''shutdown -h now''
* ''reboot'' (**Solución**)
**A server requires a GRUB2 boot option which will always boot to runlevel 1. Which line of a GRUB2 configuration file starts the beginning of the settings needed to make this new choice available?**
* ''runlevel''
* ''menuentry''
* ''linux'' (**Solución**)
* ''initrd''
**Where is the LILO boot loader code typically installed on a system with only a single Linux installation and no other operating systems?**
* In the master boot record. (**Solución**)
* In the boot sector.
* In the ''/boot'' directory.
* At the start of the kernel.
**Which command is used to install a new LILO boot loader?**
* ''lilo'' (**Solución**)
* ''lilo-config''
* ''lilo-install''
* ''install-lilo''
**What command can be used on an existing (formatted) partition, to configure the interval between disk checks when mounting partitions?**
* ''mke2fs''
* ''e2fsck''
* ''e2fsckconfig''
* ''config2fs''
* ''tune2fs'' (**Solución**)
**Which directory in ''/dev/disk/'' can be used to determinate the UUID of a connected hard disk?**
* ''by-uuid''
**What keyword is missing in the following line from ''/etc/fstab'' in order to make a USB flash device writeable by the user fred when mounted:**
/dev/sda1 /mount/usbflash vfat defaults,users,_______=fred,umask=022 0 0
* ''uid''
Esta información no aparece en el material del curso
**After a lot of write operations, the adminitrator want to ensure that the kernel flushes the file system buffers to disk. Which command will accomplish this? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)**
* ''sync''
**Which command turns an existing ext2 filesystem non-destructively into an ext3 filesystem? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)**
* ''tune2fs''
**What is the full path to the directory which contains the scripts (or links to the original scripts) to run while the system boots to SysV-init runlevel 2?**
* ''/etc/rc2.d''
**Which file tells GRUB the paths of the filesystem partitions in both Linux format and in the GRUB syntax? (Specify the file name only with no path information)**
* ''device.map''
Ejemplo de fichero ''device.map'':
(fd0) /dev/fd0
(hd0) /dev/hda
**Which keyword is used in the ''/etc/inittab'' file to define the SysV-init default system runlevel?**
* ''initdefault''
**Which command is used to unload a single module currently loaded by the kernel without unloading any modules that it depends upon? (Specify the command with or without path information)**
* ''rmmod''
**Which command is used to unload a single module currently loaded by the kernel without unloading any modules that it depends upon? (Specify the command with or without path information)**
* ''modules_install''
**A new kernel version needs to be compiled to use a new feature. If the old kernel configuration file is available, which make target creates a configuration file for the new kernel based on the configuration of the old kernel?**
* ''oldconfig''
**After configuring a new kernel, what file under ''/usr/src/linux/'' contains the configurarion?**
* ''.config''
**What is the main template file used by ''autofs''?**
* ''default.maps''
* ''auto.conf''
* ''auto.master'' (**Solución**)
* ''autofs.master''
**Which of the following are common Linux filesystem types used for root partitions? (Choose THREE correct answers. )**
* ext4 (**Solución**)
* VFAT
* NTFS
* XFS (**Solución**)
* Btrfs (**Solución**)
**What is the purpose of the ''smartd'' daemon?**
* It is a user space daemon used for reading smart cards and integrated circuit chips.
* It attempts to automatically repair file systems upon a failed file system check.
* It monitors proccess activity and helps the kernel decide which processes to kill when the kernel overcommits.
* It monitors certain disk drives and attempts to predict when they will fail. (**Solución**)
**What option in the ''collectd'' configuration file is required in order to define what to start monitoring?**
* LoadModule
* Module
* Plugin
* LoadPlugin (**Solución**)
**How is the source code for the main Linux kernel modules distributed?**
* It is included with the Linux kernel source code. (**Solución**)
* The kernel modules are downloaded on demand as they are used during compilation.
* The kernel modules have their own release cycle and can be maintained separately from the Linux kernel source.
* It is provided as a separate download alongside the Linux kernel source code of the same version.
**A system has one hard disk and one CD writer which are both connected to SATA controllers. Which device represents the CD writer?**
* ''/dev/hdb''
* ''/dev/sdd''
* ''/dev/scd1''
* ''/dev/sr0'' (**Solución**)
* ''/dev/sr1''
**What information does the file ''modules.dep'' provide?**
* A list of all modules available to the kernel.
* A list of modules required by each module. (**Solución**)
* A list of devices and their module name.
* A list of modules compiled for this kernel.
* A list of modules the kernel needs to run.
**Before compiling a new kernel, what needs to be done?**
* Compile kernel modules
* Configure the kernel options (**Solución**)
* Delete old kernel sources
* Change to runlevel 1
* All of the above
**What script is included with the kernel source to patch a kernel?**
* ''patch''
* ''patch-kernel'' (**Solución**)
* ''apply-patch''
* ''update-kernel''
El script ''patch-kernel'' se encuentra en el directorio ''scripts'' de las fuentes del kernel, mientras que el comando ''patch'' viene con la distribución Linux.
**In what order would the following commands result in a compiled kernel, compiled kernel modules and installation of kernel modules in the appropriate kernel directory?**
- ''make menuconfig''
- ''make bzImage''
- ''make modules''
- ''make modules-install''
**What is the memory limit for low memory kernel installation in older Linux systems?**
* 512k
**Which of the following ''make'' targets are valid for "cleaning" a system prior to compiling the kernel (Choose All That Apply)?**
* ''clean'' (**Solución**)
* ''distclean'' (**Solución**)
* ''mrproper'' (**Solución**)
**Running ''make menuconfig'' will create an ncurses based menu of choices containing the contents of the existing kernel configuration as a base for beginning the compilation process for the kernel.**
* Verdadero (**Solución**)
**The kernel source and documentation is always installed in the same package, regardless of distribution type or version.**
* Falso (**Solución**)
**What program does the workstation firmware start at boot time?**
* The ''telinit'' program
* A bootloader (**Solución**)
* The init program
* The mount command
* The Windows OS
The workstation firmware looks for the bootloader program to load an operating sys- tem. The init and telinit programs (options B and E) are used to change the runlevel of a running Linux system, so they aren’t useful until after the Linux system has started. The Windows operating system only starts after a Windows bootloader program runs, so option C is incorrect. The mount program is a Linux tool for attaching a partition to the virtual directory, which isn’t available until after the Linux system starts, so option D is also incorrect.
**Where are the GRUB Legacy configuration files stored?**
* ''/var''
* ''/etc''
* ''/boot/grub'' (**Solución**)
* ''/proc''
* ''/boot/efi''
**Where are GRUB2 configuration files stored? (Select all that apply.)**
* ''/boot/grub'' (**Solución**)
* ''/proc''
* ''/var''
* ''/boot/efi''
* ''/etc/grub.d'' (**Solución**)
**What command must you run to generate the GRUB2 ''grub.cfg'' configuration file?**
* ''update-rc.d''
* ''init''
* ''grub-install''
* ''chkconfig''
* ''grub-mkconfig'' (**Solución**)
**What program does the kernel use to start other programs?**
* GRUB2
* ''init'' (**Solución**)
* ''telinit''
* ''systemctl''
* BIOS
**Which configuration file contains the SysV default runlevel?**
* ''/boot/grub.cfg''
* ''/etc/inittab'' (**Solución**)
* ''/etc/init.d''
* ''/etc/grub.d''
* ''/etc/rc.d''
**What runlevel is the default for Debian-based systems?**
* 1
* 0
* 6
* 2 (**Solución**)
* 5
**What command would you use to change the current runlevel? (Select all that apply.)**
* update-rc.d
* ''telinit'' (**Solución**)
* ''init'' (**Solución**)
* ''chkconfig ''
* ''dmesg''
**What command displays the runlevels in which a program will be started?**
* ''update-rc.d''
* ''telinit''
* ''dmesg''
* ''chkconfig'' (**Solución**)
* ''init''
**What command do Debian systems use to set the runlevels for programs?**
* ''telinit''
* ''update-rc.d'' (**Solución**)
* ''dmesg''
* ''chkconfig''
* ''init''
**What program allows you to fix corrupt hard drive partitions?**
* ''init''
* ''mount''
* ''fsck'' (**Solución**)
* ''umount''
* ''telinit''
**Where does the firmware first look for a Linux bootloader program?**
* The ''/var/log'' folder
* The ''/boot/grub'' folder
* The Master Boot Record (MBR) (**Solución**)
* The ''/etc'' folder
* A boot partition
The workstation firmware looks at the first sector of the first hard drive to load the boot- loader program. This is called the Master Boot Record, so option B is correct. The bootloader program itself can use the chainloader feature to look for another bootloader in a boot partition, but the firmware can’t do that, so option D is incorrect. Option A specifies the configuration folder used to store the GRUB configuration file and the kernel image file, but the actual GRUB bootloader program can’t be stored there. Option C specifies the common log file folder, but that doesn’t contain the GRUB bootloader program. Option E also speci- fies a common Linux configuration file directory, but it’s not used to store the GRUB boot- loader program that the firmware can access.
**Which command allows you to append a partition to the virtual directory on a running Linux system?**
* ''fsck''
* ''dmesg''
* ''mount'' (**Solución**)
* ''init''
* ''umount''
**What Linux command lets you examine the most recent boot messages?**
* ''fsck''
* ''dmesg'' (**Solución**)
* ''init''
* ''mount''
* ''chkconfig''
The kernel ring buffer, which you can view by typing ''dmesg'', contains boot messages from the kernel; thus option B is correct. The ''fsck'' program fixes corrupt partitions, and the ''mount'' program is used to attach partitions to the virtual directory, so neither of those is correct. The ''init'' program, is used to start programs from the kernel, not display boot messages, so it also is incorrect. The ''chkconfig'' program, is used to display the runlevels assigned to individual programs in the startup scripts and is not related to the boot messages, so it too is incorrect.
**What folder do most Linux distributions use to store boot logs?**
* ''/proc''
* ''/boot''
* ''/var/log'' (**Solución**)
* ''/etc''
* ''/var/messages''
Most Linux distributions store boot log files in the ''/var/log'' folder. The ''/etc'' folder is most often used for storing system and application configuration files, not boot logs, so option D is incorrect. Some Unix systems use the ''/var/messages'' folder for storing log files, but Linux has not adopted this standard, so option E is also incorrect. The ''/boot'' folder contains the GRUB configuration files along with the image files necessary to boot the system, but it’s not where Linux stores boot logs and is thus incorrect. The ''/proc'' folder is unique in that the Linux kernel dynamically stores information about the system there, but it doesn’t store boot log information there.
**Where does the workstation BIOS attempt to find a bootloader program? (Select all that apply.)**
* An internal hard drive (**Solución**)
* An external hard drive (**Solución**)
* A network server (**Solución**)
* A DVD drive (**Solución**)
* A USB memory stick (**Solución**)
The BIOS firmware can look in multiple locations for a bootloader program. Normally, it looks at the internal hard drive installed on the system; however, if none is found, it can search other places. Most workstations allow you to boot from an external hard drive or from a DVD drive. Modern workstations now also provide the option to boot from a USB memory stick inserted into a USB port on the workstation. Finally, many work- stations provide the PXE boot option, which allows the workstation to boot remotely from a network server.
**Where is the Master Boot Record located?**
* The last sector of the first hard drive on the system
* The first sector of the first hard drive on the system (**Solución**)
* The first sector of the second hard drive on the system
* The boot partition of any hard drive on the system
* Any sector on any hard drive on the system
The Master Boot Record (MBR) is located in only one place—on the first sector of the first hard drive on the workstation. The boot partition in any hard drive may contain a bootloader, but it is not the MBR, which is run first by the firmware; thus option D is incorrect. The other locations are not valid for the MBR, so options A, C, and E are all incorrect.
**Where is the EFI System Partition (ESP) stored on Linux systems?**
* ''/boot/efi'' (**Solución**)
* ''/boot''
* ''/boot/grub''
* ''/etc''
* ''/var''
The ESP is stored in the ''/boot/efi'' directory on Linux systems. The UEFI firmware always looks for the ''/boot/efi'' directory for bootloader programs, so option D is correct. The ''/etc'' directory is used to store application and system configuration files, not bootloader programs, so option D is incorrect. The ''/var'' folder is used to store variable files such as log files, not bootable files, so option E is incorrect. Option C, the ''/boot/grub'' file, is used in GRUB Legacy and GRUB2 to store the bootloader configuration files, as well as the kernel image files. However, it is not used to store the bootloader files themselves, so option C is incorrect
**What file extension do UEFI bootloader files use?**
* ''.uefi''
* ''.cfg''
* ''.conf''
* ''.lst''
* ''.efi'' (**Solución**)
The UEFI specification doesn’t require a specific extension for UEFI bootloader files; however, it has become somewhat common in Linux to use the ''.efi'' file extension to identify them; thus option E is correct. Option B and option D specify file extensions used to identify GRUB2 (option B) and GRUB Legacy (option D) configuration files, not UEFI bootloader files, so they are both incorrect. Option D specifies the .lst file extension, which is also used for GRUB Legacy configuration files, so it too is incorrect. The ''.uefi'' file extension is not used in Linux, so option A is incorrect.
**Which was the first bootloader program used in Linux?**
* GRUB Legacy
* SYSLINUX
* ISOLINUX
* LILO (**Solución**)
* GRUB2
**Which of the following commands will allow a message to be sent to any tty terminals with write access allowed? (Choose all that apply.)**
* ''wall'' (**Solución**)
* ''echo''
* ''mail''
* ''write'' (**Solución**)
* ''mesg''
**To verify a tar backup immediately after it is created, you use which of the following ''tar''
command options? (Choose all that apply.)**
* ''-W'' (**Solución**)
* ''%%--%%diff'' (**Solución**)
* ''-d'' (**Solución**)
* ''%%--%%compare'' (**Solución**)
* ''-J''
**Which of the following indicates a tape device that automatically rewinds? (Choose all that apply.)**
* ''/dev/nst0''
* ''/dev/ht1'' (**Solución**)
* ''/dev/nht0''
* ''/dev/st0'' (**Solución**)
* ''/dev/ht1'' (**Solución**)
**To control a magnetic tape for backups, use the program.**
* ''mt'' (**Solución**)
* ''tar''
* ''star''
* ''dd''
* ''rsync''
**Which of the following rsync commands is the proper way to send a backup over the net- work to the remote host, ServerA, while having the transfer encrypted using OpenSSH?**
* ''rsync -av Project ServerA:∼/'' (**Solución**)
* ''rsync -av Project rsync:%%//%%ServerA:/''
* ''rsync -av ServerA Project''
* ''rsync -av Project /run/media/ServerA''
* ''rsync -av Project ServerA''
**Which of the following are true about the dd command? (Choose all that apply.)**
* The dd command can be used to zero-out a hard disk. (**Solución**)
* The dd command can be used to create a low-level copy of a hard drive. (**Solución**)
* The dd command is popular for daily incremental backups.
* The dd command can be used for managing tapes.
* The dd command can be safely used to back up a disk mounted at ''/''.
**When installing a program from source code, which of the following installation files typically can provide you with additional installation information? (Choose all that apply.)**
* ''NEWS''
* ''INSTALL'' (**Solución**)
* ''COPYING''
* ''RELEASE-NOTES ''
* ''README'' (**Solución**)
**During the process of installing a program from source, which of the following creates or updates the Makefile with the Makefile.in file’s contents and what it finds on your system?**
* ''make''
* ''make install''
* ''INSTALL''
* ''configure'' (**Solución**)
* ''cp''
**Which of the following monitoring commands allow you to view system memory information? (Choose all that apply.)**
* ''free'' (**Solución**)
* ''top'' (**Solución**)
* ''vmstat'' (**Solución**)
* ''mpstat''
* ''mtr''
**Which of the following will show CPU usage information 20 times in 2-second intervals?**
* ''sar 2 20'' (**Solución**)
* None of the above
* ''uptime 20 2''
* ''uptime 2 20''
* ''sar 20 2''
**Which of the following are considered to be system resource-monitoring solutions? (Choose all that apply.)**
* Duplicity
* MRTG (**Solución**)
* All of the above
* collectd (**Solución**)
* Nagios (**Solución**)
**To shut down your system without sending a message to users, use which of the following ''/sbin/shutdown'' options**
* ''-k''
* ''-c''
* ''%%--%%wall''
* ''%%--%%no-wall'' (**Solución**)
* None of the above
**Which of the following are true about Linux system memory? (Choose all that apply.)**
* Memory for an idle process can be swapped out to swap space. (**Solución**)
* Swapping is the memory management scheme, where idle processes swap memory.
* Memory is divided into sheets.
* Swap can also be called virtual memory. (**Solución**)
* Memory-swapping statistics can be viewed using the ''psmap'' utility.
**Your company’s legal department has decided that a login notification is needed on a Linux system that you manage, warning that unauthorized system use is prohibited. Which method is the best one for deploying this legal notification?**
* Edit the ''/etc/motd'' file, and place the notification there.
* Edit the ''/etc/issue'' file, and place the notification there. (**Solución**)
* Edit the ''∼./bashrc'' file, and place the notification there.
* None of the above.
* Use the ''notify-send'' command to send the notification to users.
**Assume that money is plentiful, and you want the fastest media to use for your company’s backups. Based on that information, which is the best backup media choice?**
* Optical discs
* SSD (**Solución**)
* Magnetic tapes
* NAS
* HDD
**Your co-worker, also a system administrator, hands you an SSD and says, “This has all the files on it that were created and/or modified since the system’s last full backup.” Which of the following backup types can this backup be? (Choose all that apply.)**
* Full
* Differential (**Solución**)
* None of the above
* Incremental (**Solución**)
* All of the above
**Which of the following Linux directories should be included in a backup when you plan on using the backup data in full system restores? (Choose all that apply.)**
* ''/home/'' (**Solución**)
* ''/run/''
* All of the above
* ''/bin/'' (**Solución**)
* ''/tmp/''
**Which of the following software packages are GUI and/or web-based backup solutions? (Choose all that apply.)**
* connectd
* Amanda (**Solución**)
* Bacula (**Solución**)
* Duplicity (**Solución**)
* Nagios
**Which of the following ''tar'' command options would employ gzip compression for creating a backup tarball? (Choose all that apply.)**
* ''g''
* ''-g''
* ''%%--%%gzip'' (**Solución**)
* ''z'' (**Solución**)
* ''-z'' (**Solución**)
**When using the ''tar'' command for an incremental backup, a snapshot file is created. This snapshot file should have which of the following file extensions as part of its name?**
* ''.snar'' (**Solución**)
* ''.snap''
* ''.tar.snap''
* ''.tar''
* ''.tgz''
**Which part of a Linux system manages system memory?**
* Kernel (**Solución**)
* Application software
* GNU utilities
* Graphical desktop
**Which program should you use to create an initial RAM disk for a Debian-based system?**
* ''make initrd''
* ''mkinitramfs'' (**Solución**)
* ''make bzImage''
* ''mkinitrd''
**Which command should you use to list all of the installed modules?**
* ''rmmod''
* ''lsmod'' (**Solución**)
* ''insmod''
* ''modinfo''
**Which command should you use to install a module if you don’t know its filename?**
* ''modprobe'' (**Solución**)
* ''insmod''
* ''rmmod''
* ''lsmod''
**Which command should you use to display information about USB devices installed on the system?**
* ''lsusb'' (**Solución**)
* ''lsdev''
* ''lsmod''
* ''lspci''
**Which option in the lsusb command displays detailed information about the USB devices?**
* ''–t''
* ''–d''
* ''–v'' (**Solución**)
* ''–s''
**Which type of hardware devices can you connect to the Linux system as it’s running?**
* Coldplug
* PCIe
* Hotplug (**Solución**)
* PCI
**What program does Linux use to detect hotplug devices and load the appropriate modules?**
* ''lsusb''
* ''udevd'' (**Solución**)
* ''modprobe''
* ''insmod''
**Where are the udevd configuration settings stored?**
* ''/etc/udev/udev.conf'' (**Solución**)
* ''/lib/modules''
* ''/etc/udev/rules.d''
* ''/boot''
**Where are the udevd rules stored?**
* ''/boot''
* ''/etc/udev/rules.d'' (**Solución**)
* ''/etc/udev/udevd.conf''
* ''/lib/modules''
**Where is the dynamic pseudo-directory the kernel creates to peek at kernel settings and perormance statistics located?**
* ''/usr/src/linux''
* ''/proc'' (**Solución**)
* ''/boot/kernel''
* ''/etc/kernel''
**What is the area on the hard disk called that is used as memory storage?**
* Physical memory
* Swap space (**Solución**)
* Filesystem
* Virtual memory
**What command allows you to change kernel settings during runtime?**
* ''sysctl'' (**Solución**)
* ''lsmod''
* ''modprobe''
* ''lsdev''
**What method does Linux use to load device drivers into the kernel?**
* Virtual memory
* DLL files
* Modules (**Solución**)
* Bootloader
**Which kernel file type is used to boot the Linux system?**
* Modules
* Patch file
* Source code
* Binary file (**Solución**)
**What type of release can you use to upgrade an existing kernel to a newer version?**
* Patch release (**Solución**)
* Binary files
* Modules
* Development release
**Which make utility target uses text-based questions to configure the kernel?**
* ''config'' (**Solución**)
* ''xconfig''
* ''clean''
* ''mrproper''
**Which make utility target uses a graphical interface to configure the kernel?**
* ''config''
* ''mrproper''
* ''gconfig'' (**Solución**)
* ''clean''
**Which make utility target should you use to remove any old object files from a previous compile?**
*'' bzImage''
* ''mrproper'' (**Solución**)
* ''gconfig''
* ''oldconfig''
**Which make utility target is commonly used to generate a compressed kernel binary file?**
* ''kernel''
* ''clean''
* ''config''
* ''bzImage ''
**Assuming that you have or can obtain super user privileges, which of the following commands would allow you to make an ext2 filesystem on the /dev/sdd2 partition? (Choose all that apply.)**
* ''mkfs -t extended2 /dev/sdd2''
* ''mkfs -t ext2 /dev/sdd2'' (**Solución**)
* ''mke2fs /dev/sdd2''
* ''mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdd2'' (**Solución**)
* ''mke2fs.ext2 /dev/sdd2'' (**Solución**)
**Which command should be used to create an ISO? (Choose the best answer.)**
* ''mount -t iso9660''
* ''mkfs -t iso''
* ''cdrecord''
* ''mkfs''
* ''mkisofs'' (**Solución**)
**You’ve just created a new disk partition, /dev/sde3, and want to prepare it as swap space. Which command do you use? (Choose the best answer.)**
* ''swapon -s''
* ''mkfs -t swapon /dev/sde3''
* ''mkswap /dev/sde3'' (**Solución**)
* ''swapoff /dev/sde3''
* ''swapon /dev/sde3''
**Which of the following map types can be found in the /etc/auto.master file? (Choose all that apply.)**
* Road
* Indirect (**Solución**)
* Direct (**Solución**)
* Built-in (**Solución**)
* SMART
**You want to change the AutoFS service’s master map to a different configuration file than the /etc/auto.master file. Which configuration file might you edit to accomplish this, depending on your distribution? (Choose the best answer.)**
* ''/etc/auto.direct''
* ''/etc/auto.direct''
* ''/etc/sysconfig/autofs'' (**Solución**)
* ''/etc/autofs.net''
* ''/etc/auto.tmp''
**Which of the following encrypted filesystems is a layered filesystem? (Choose the best answer.)**
* dm-crypt
* eCryptfs (**Solución**)
* LUKS
* XFS
* Btrfs
**Which of the following is not a utility for adjusting the ext2, ext3, and ext4 filesystems? (Choose the best answer.)**
* ''e2label''
* ''uuidgen'' (**Solución**)
* ''tune2fs''
* ''resize2fs''
* ''debugfs''
**You have generated a new UUID and want to assign it to an unmounted ext4 filesystem. Which utility do you use? (Choose the best answer.)**
* ''tune2fs'' (**Solución**)
* ''debugfs''
* ''e2label''
* ''resize2fs''
* ''blkid''
**You have super user privileges, and you type the command ''fsck.xfs'' to run a filesystem check on an XFS filesystem. What will happen? (Choose the best answer.)**
* You corrupt the filesystem, because you did not unmount it first.
* No information is displayed, but if errors are found, you are asked if you would like to attempt a repair.
* You only receive a report on filesystem health, and if errors are found, you are asked if you would like to attempt a repair.
* Nothing. (**Solución**)
* You only receive a report on filesystem health.
**You have a Btrfs filesystem that has performed well for a long time. However, for some reason, it has suffered a catastrophic problem and you need to restore files. Which utility should you use? (Choose the best answer.)**
* ''btrfs check''
* ''btrfs restore'' (**Solución**)
* ''btrfs scrub''
* ''btrfs rescue''
* ''btrfs get property''
**Which of the following commands checks for inconsistencies but does not conduct any repairs for an XFS filesystem? (Choose the best answer.)**
* ''xfsdump''
* ''xfsrestore''
* ''xfs_check'' (**Solución**)
* ''xfs_info''
* ''xfs_metadump''
**Which one of the following files contains a list of all of the filesystems your system supports?**
* ''/proc/mounts''
* ''/proc/swaps''
* ''/proc/filesystems'' (**Solución**)
* ''/etc/mtab''
* ''/proc/cpuinfo''
**ou have a disk drive partition /dev/sdc3 that supports SMART and has it enabled. Assum- ing that you have super user privileges, which command will show you a quick summary status, including whether or not it has passed the overall health self-assessment test? (Choose the best answer.)**
* ''smartctl -a /dev/sdc3''
* ''smartctl -i /dev/sdc3''
* ''smartctl -H /dev/sdc3'' (**Solución**)
* ''smartctl -t short /dev/sdc3''
* ''smartctl -t long /dev/sdc3''
**Assuming that you have (or have access to) super user privileges to temporarily attach a formatted filesystem to the Linux virtual directory structure, which of the following should you do? (Choose the best answer.)**
* Run the ''e2label'' utility on the filesystem.
* Add an entry for this filesystem in the ''/etc/fstab'' configuration file.
* Use the ''mount'' command with the proper options and parameters. (**Solución**)
* Nothing. The AutoFS service will automatically attach it.
* Issue the ''mkfs'' command, using super user privileges, on the filesystem.
**The number c344d0f9–6d54–4a92-ad4d-c5a44fac2eeb identifies a filesystem that needs to be temporarily mounted. Which option for the needed command should you choose? (Choose the best answer.)**
* ''-o''
* ''-U'' (**Solución**)
* ''-a''
* ''-n''
* ''-L''
**Which command should be used to force filesystems to write metadata residing in memory to the filesystem media structures? (Choose the best answer.)**
* ''lsof''
* ''sync'' (**Solución**)
* ''fuser''
* ''dmesg''
* ''unmount''
**Each entry in the /etc/fstab has several required fields. Which of the following could describe one of the fields? (Choose all that apply.)**
* cpio backup option
* AutoFS identifier
* Mount point (**Solución**)
* Filesystem check priority (**Solución**)
* Filesystem type (**Solución**)
**You need to determine a filesystem’s UUID. Which utility can help you do this? (Choose the best answer.)**
* ''e2label''
* ''findmnt''
* ''mount''
* ''blkid'' (**Solución**)
* ''findfs''
**Using a Btrfs filesystem, which RAID configurations can be implemented? (Choose all that apply.)**
* RAID 5
* RAID 10 (**Solución**)
* RAID 6
* RAID 1 (**Solución**)
* RAID 0 (**Solución**)
**Which of the following are considered extensions of the ISO9660 standard? (Choose all that apply.)**
* UDF
* btrfs
* El Torito (**Solución**)
* Joliet (**Solución**)
* Rock Ridge (**Solución**)
**Which of the following RAID array structures are considered fault tolerant? (Choose all that apply.)**
* RAID 6 (**Solución**)
* RAID 0
* RAID 10 (**Solución**)
* RAID 1 (**Solución**)
* RAID 5 (**Solución**)
**Which of the following ''sdparm'' command options will show all of the common mode parameters for a designated device? (Choose the best answer.)**
* None of the above (**Solución**)
* ''%%--%%page''
* ''%%--%%hex''
* ''%%--%%all''
* ''%%--%%command show''
**What number designates both an iSCSI target server and an iSCSI disk being offered by that target? (Choose the best answer.)**
* scsi_id
* LUN
* IQN (**Solución**)
* WWN
* WWID
**Where are iSCSI discovery records stored? (Choose all that apply.)**
* ''/var/lib/iscsi/send_targets'' (**Solución**)
* ''/var/log/iscsi.conf''
* ''/lib/udev/scsi_id''
* ''/var/lib/iscsi/nodes'' (**Solución**)
* ''/etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf''
**Which of the following allows multiple partitions or whole disks to be grouped together and used as a single drive? (Choose all that apply.)**
* PATA
* iSCSI
* Storage fabric
* Logical volume management (**Solución**)
* RAID (**Solución**)
**Which is a designated unused disk partition or drive that can be used by LVM? (Choose the best answer.)**
* VG
* Backstore
* PV (**Solución**)
* SATA
* LV
**Which of the following is not true concerning PEs? (Choose the best answer.)**
* A PE is the smallest block size that can be allocated on a PV.
* The default PE block size is 4 MiB.
* PE block size is set during the process of designating a PV. (**Solución**)
* A PE block size setting can be chosen.
* PE stands for “physical extent.”
**Which of the following is true concerning LEs? (Choose the best answer.)**
* LEs are made up of LVs.
* LE mapping provides a way to block data access.
* LE mappings occur during PV designation.
* None of the above.
* LEs are mapped to VG physical extents. (**Solución**)
**Which of the following LVM utilities will designate a partition as a PV? (Choose the best answer.)**
* ''pvscan''
* ''vgcreate''
* ''pvdisplay''
* ''lvcreate''
* ''pvcreate'' (**Solución**)
**You’ve just finished creating vg01. What utility would be the best one to check it? (Choose the best answer.)**
* ''lvdisplay''
* ''vgcreate''
* ''pvdisplay''
* ''vgdisplay'' (**Solución**)
* ''pvscan''
**Which of the following are true about LV snapshots? (Choose all that apply.)**
* LV snapshots can be mounted to the directory. (**Solución**)
* LV snapshots contain copies of the original LV data.
* LV snapshots are created using the vgcreate command.
* LV snapshots are LVs themselves. (**Solución**)
* LV snapshots are read-only.
**Which one of the following RAID structures is also called disk striping with double parity? (Choose the best answer.)**
* RAID 10
* RAID 0
* RAID 1
* RAID 6 (**Solución**)
* RAID 5
**To rename an LV, which utility should you use? (Choose the best answer.)**
* ''lvremove''
* ''lvrename'' (**Solución**)
* ''lvconvert''
* ''lvmchange''
* ''lvs''
**After you issue the modprobe raid6 command using super user privileges on your system, which file should you check to determine if software RAID is supported on your system? (Choose the best answer.)**
* ''/etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf''
* ''/dev/md0''
* ''/etc/fstab''
* ''/proc/mdstat'' (**Solución**)
* ''/dev/mapper''
**Which of the following is not an mdadm command mode? (Choose the best answer.)**
* Grow mode
* ''%%--%%manage''
* Delete mode (**Solución**)
* Miscellaneous mode
* ''%%--%%follow''
**Which of the following mdadm command options chooses the mode to make a RAID array? (Choose the best answer.)**
* ''%%--%%grow''
* ''%%--%%make''
* ''-C'' (**Solución**)
* ''-F''
* ''%%--%%misc''
**Current RAID array status is held in what file? (Choose the best answer.)**
* ''/etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf''
* ''/proc/mdstat'' (**Solución**)
* ''/etc/mdadm.conf''
* ''/etc/fstab''
* ''/etc/sysctl.conf''
**Which of the following mdadm options would show in the RAID array in which the /dev/sdc1 drive has membership? (Choose the best answer.)**
* None of the above
* ''%%--%%misc --examine /dev/sdc1'' (**Solución**)
* ''%%--%%misc --detail /dev/md0''
* ''%%--%%monitor –-help''
* ''%%--%%detail --scan /dev/md0''
**To delete an unmounted RAID array, you must do which of the following? (Choose all that apply.)**
* Delete RAID array drives’ superblocks. (**Solución**)
* Shrink the RAID array.
* Delete RAID array drives’ data and superblocks.
* Monitor the RAID array
* Stop the RAID array. (**Solución**)
**On which of the following drive types can the ''hdparm'' utility be used? (Choose all that apply.)**
* ATAPI
* PATA
* SCSI
* All of the above (**Solución**)
* SATA
**Which network layer uses the Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) encryption?**
* Transport
* Physical (**Solución**)
* Network
* Application
**Which transport layer protocol guarantees packet delivery?**
* DNS
* UDP
* ICMP
* TCP (**Solución**)
* DHCP
**Which ''nc'' command format listens for incoming HTTP connections to simulate a web server?**
* ''nc –l 80'' (**Solución**)
* ''nc 192.168.1.77 80''
* ''nc –l 22''
* ''nc 192.168.1.77''
* ''nc 80 192.168.1.77''
**What folder do Red Hat–based systems use to store network configuration files?**
* ''/etc/network''
* ''/etc/ifconfig''
* ''/etc/iwconfig''
* ''/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts'' (**Solución**)
* ''/etc/ifcfg-eth0''
**Which configuration line sets a dynamic IP address for a Debian system?**
* ''iface eth0 inet static''
* ''auto eth0''
* ''iface eth0 inet6 auto''
* ''BOOTPROTO=dynamic''
* ''iface eth0 inet dhcp'' (**Solución**)
**Which file contains a list of DNS servers that the Linux system can use to resolve hostnames?**
* ''/etc/inetd.conf''
* ''/etc/resolv.conf'' (**Solución**)
* ''/etc/host.deny''
* ''/etc/hosts.allow''
* ''/etc/network/interfaces''
**Which ''ifconfig'' format correctly assigns an IP address and netmask to the eth0 interface?**
* ''ifconfig up 192.168.1.50 netmask 255.255.255.0''
* ''ifconfig down''
* ''ifconfig eth0 down 192.168.1.50 netmask 255.255.255.0'' (**Solución**)
* ''ifconfig up''
* ''ifconfig eth0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.50''
**What command displays all of the available wireless networks in your area?**
* ''ip''
* ''arp''
* ''ifconfig''
* ''iwconfig''
* ''iwlist'' (**Solución**)
**What option sets the wireless access point name in the ''iwconfig'' command?**
* ''channel''
* ''address''
* ''essid'' (**Solución**)
* ''key''
* ''netmask''
**What command can you use both to display and to set the IP address, netmask, and default router values?**
* ''ifup''
* ''iwconfig''
* ''router''
* ''ip'' (**Solución**)
* ''ifconfig''
**What tool allows you to send ICMP messages to a remote host to test network connectivity?**
* ''nmap''
* ''netstat''
* ''ping'' (**Solución**)
* ''tcpdump''
* ''nc''
**What network layer feature defines the network to which the system is connected?**
* Hostname
* DNS server
* Netmask (**Solución**)
* Default router
* IP address
**Which command allows you to view network packets?**
* ''tcpdump'' (**Solución**)
* ''ping''
* ''nc''
* ''dig''
* ''netstat''
**Which of the following is a correct netmask value?**
* 192.168.1.0
* 255.255.0.255
* 192.168.0.1
* 0.255.255.255
* 255.255.255.0 (**Solución**)
**What two parts make up an IP address?**
* Netmask and router
* Network address and host address (**Solución**)
* Host address and hostname
* Netmask and host address
* Host address and router
**How many bits are used in an IPv6 address?**
* 32
* 128 (**Solución**)
* 8
* 64
* 256
**What network setting defines the network device that routes packets intended for hosts on remote networks?**
* DNS server
* Default router (**Solución**)
* IP address
* Hostname
* Netmask
**What device setting defines a host that maps a hostname to an IP address?**
* Netmask
* DNS server (**Solución**)
* Default router
* IP address
* Hostname
**What is used to assign an IP address automatically to a client?**
* Default router
* ifconfig
* DHCP (**Solución**)
* Netmask
* ARP table
**What type of address is used so that local applications can use network protocols to communicate with each other?**
* Loopback address (**Solución**)
* Hostname
* MAC address
* Dynamic address
* Static address
**¿Con el comando sar, mostrar opciones de cpu?**
* ''sar -c''
* ''sar -cpu''
* ''sar -u'' (**Solución**)
* ''sar -b''
**Qué comando visualiza los procesos del usuario apache y mysql con el comando ps?**
* ''ps -u apache,mysql'' (**Solución**)
* ''ps -user apache,mysql''
* Ninguna de las anteriores
* ''Ps -admin apache''
**¿Que opción del comando vmstat muestra las estadísticas de memoria?**
* ''vmstat –n''
* ''vmstat -t''
* ''vmstat -s'' (**Solución**)
* ''vmtst -n''
**¿ El parametro ''-t'' del comando ''lvextend'' permite?**
* Aplicara el comando Ivextend con -t
* Comprobar que hara el comando lvexted pero no no aplica (**Solución**)
* Ninguna de las anteriores
* Aplicarar el comando lvexted
**¿Cuál es el tipo de partición Linux estándar?**
* 82
* 83 (**Solución**)
* fd
* 8e
**¿Qué comando cambia la prioridad en un proceso de Linux ya en ejecución?**
* ''nice''
* ''renice'' (**Solución**)
* Ninguna de las anteriores
* ''nice - 1''
**¿Qué comandos de Linux se pueden utilizar para reparar un apagado incorrecto, o para reparar particiones corruptas después de un mal apagado?**
* ''scandisk''
* ''dsk -h''
* ''fsck'' (**Solución**)
* ''rdisk''
**¿Qué comando permite redimensionar sistemas de archivos xfs?**
* ''xfs_repair''
* ''xfs_fs''
* ''xfss_ss''
* ''xfs_growfs'' (**Solución**)
**¿Cuál de los siguientes comandos crea un raid1 en linux?**
* ''mdadm -d -C /dev/md0 -n 2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 ''
* ''mdadm -v -C /dev/md0 -n 2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 -l 1'' (**Solución**)
* ''mdadm -v -C /dev/md0 -n 2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 ''
* ''mdadm -v /dev/md0 -n 2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 -l 1''
**¿Qué comando permite reinstalar el grub?**
* ''grub /dev/sda''
* ''grub /dev/sda2''
* ''grub-install /dev/sda'' (**Solución**)
* ''grub-install2 /dev/sda''
**¿Qué comando permite activar swap en caliente para el archivo /swap?**
* ''swaponn /swap''
* ''swa-on /swap''
* ''swapon /swap'' (**Solución**)
* ''swa-pon /swap''
**¿Con el comando sar, mostrar todas las estadísticas?**
* ''sar -n''
* ''sar -h''
* ''sar -a''
* ''sar -A'' (**Solución**)
**¿Cuál de estas variables devuelve el valor del PID del Shell actual?**
* ''echo $$'' (**Solución**)
* ''echo S!''
* ''echo $? ''
* ''echo &&''
**¿Qué comando permite instalar el paquete webmin.rpm?**
* ''rpm - ed''
* ''rpm - e''
* ''rpm -i'' (**Solución**)
* ''rpm - v''
**¿ Eliminar el paquete traceroute.deb y todas sus dependencias con dpkg?**
* ''dpkg -s''
* ''dpkg -P'' (**Solución**)
* ''dpkg -i''
* Ninguna de las anteriores.
La opción ''-P'' equivale a //%%--%%purge//, es decir, elimina todo incluidos los ficheros de configuración.
**¿ Comando sar mostrar estadísticas de red?**
* ''sar -c''
* ''sar -n'' (**Solución**)
* ''sart -ct''
* ''sar -v''
**¿ Que comando muestra el mapa de la memoria de un proceso?**
* ''ps -ef''
* ''job''
* ''pt-t''
* ''pmap'' (**Solución**)
**¿ Que hace el comando ''partprobe''?**
* Sincroniza los datos del disco duro
* Sincroniza la tabla de particiones (**Solución**)
* Particiona los discos duros
* No sincroniza.
**¿ El usuario operador puede cambiar la prioridad a -5 al proceso 1092?**
* Si, si la maquina virtual es de Linux
* No, solo si utilizo sudo
* No, solamente lo puede realizar el usuario root (**Solución**)
* si