====== Laboratorio LPIC-2 ======
Laboratorio para el curso de LPIC-2
Necesario tener instalado:
* [[informatica:sistemas_operativos:virtualizacion:virtualbox|VirtualBox]]
* [[informatica:sistemas_operativos:virtualizacion:vagrant|Vagrant]]
El entorno virtualizado se compone de 3 máquinas virtuales:
^ Sistema Operativo ^ IP ^ Host ^
| Centos 7.2 | 192.168.2.5 | sercentos7 |
| Debian 10 | 192.168.2.10 | debian10 |
| Centos 6.7 | 192.168.2.152 | orion |
Las credenciales:
* Usuario: ''vagrant''
* Contraseña: ''vagrant''
Credenciales de root:
* Usuario: ''root''
* Contraseña: ''vagrant''
En la máquina con Debian no podemos conectarnos vía SSH con la cuenta de root, así que habrá que entrar con la de ''vagrant'' y una vez dentro hacernos root con ''sudo su''
===== Despliegue del entorno =====
Necesitamos un fichero llamado ''CentOS-Base.repo'' con el siguiente contenido para los repositorios de CentOS 6:
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
baseurl=https://vault.centos.org/6.10/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
baseurl=https://vault.centos.org/6.10/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
baseurl=https://vault.centos.org/6.10/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
baseurl=https://vault.centos.org/6.10/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
baseurl=https://vault.centos.org/6.10/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
El entorno se monta mediante un ''Vagrantfile'':
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
##Ususario:vagrant
##Pass: vagrant
##user:root
##pass:vagrant
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.define "centos7" do |centos7|
config.vm.boot_timeout = 400
centos7.vm.box = "bento/centos-7.2"
#centos7.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 3000, host: 3002, auto_correct: true
centos7.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.2.5"
centos7.vm.hostname = "sercentos7"
end
config.vm.define "debian" do |debian|
debian.vm.box = "bento/debian-10"
config.vm.boot_timeout = 400
#debian.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 3000, host: 3001, auto_correct: true
debian.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.2.10"
debian.vm.hostname = "debian10"
#debian.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
# SHELL
end
config.vm.define "centos6" do |centos6|
centos6.vm.box = "bento/centos-6.7"
config.vm.boot_timeout = 400
#debian.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 3000, host: 3001, auto_correct: true
centos6.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.2.152"
centos6.vm.hostname = "orion"
centos6.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
cp /vagrant/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/
yum clean all
SHELL
end
end
Lo creamos con:
vagrant up
Para detener todas las máquinas:
vagrant halt
Si queremos suspenderlas:
vagrant suspend
Si queremos reanudar la ejecución (tras una suspensión):
vagrant resume
Destruir todas las máquinas:
vagrant destroy -f
==== Configuración host ====
**Centos 7**:
hostnamectl set-hostname sercentos7.curso.esp
Contenido de ''/etc/hostname'':
sercentos7.curso.esp
Modificar ''/etc/hosts'' de la siguiente manera:
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.2.5 sercentos7.curso.esp sercentos7
192.168.2.152 orion.curso.esp orion
192.168.2.10 debian10.curso.esp debian10
Deshabilitar SELinux en ''/etc/sysconfig/selinux'':
SELINUX=disabled
En **Debian 10**:
hostnamectl set-hostname debian10.curso.esp
Modificar ''/etc/hosts'' de la siguiente manera:
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.2.10 debian10.curso.esp debian10
192.168.2.5 sercentos7.curso.esp sercentos7
192.168.2.152 orion.curso.esp orion
En **Centos 6**:
Editar ''/etc/sysconfig/network'':
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=orion.curso.esp
Modificar ''/etc/hosts'' de la siguiente manera:
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.2.5 sercentos7.curso.esp sercentos7
192.168.2.152 orion.curso.esp orion
192.168.2.10 debian10.curso.esp debian10
Deshabilitar SELinux en ''/etc/sysconfig/selinux'':
SELINUX=disabled
==== Configuración NTP ====
En **Centos 7**:
Instalamos ntp:
yum install ntp -y
Establecemos la zona horaria:
timedatectl set-timezone "Europe/Madrid"
Editamos el fichero ''/etc/ntp.conf'':
server 0.es.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 1.es.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 2.es.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 3.es.pool.ntp.org iburst
Arrancamos servicio y lo habilitamos al arranque NTP:
systemctl start ntpd
systemctl enable ntpd
Sincronizamos:
timedatectl set-ntp true
ntpq -p
En **Centos 6**:
yum install ntp -y
cp /etc/localtime /root
rm -rf /etc/localtime
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Madrid /etc/localtime
Editamos ''/etc/ntp.conf'':
server 0.es.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 1.es.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 2.es.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 3.es.pool.ntp.org iburst
Arrancamos servicio y lo habilitamos al arranque NTP:
service ntpd start
chkconfig --level 3 ntpd on
En **Debian 10**:
apt-get update
apt-get install ntp -y
timedatectl set-timezone "Europe/Madrid"
Editamos el fichero ''/etc/ntp.conf'':
server 0.es.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 1.es.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 2.es.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 3.es.pool.ntp.org iburst
Arrancamos servicio y lo habilitamos al arranque NTP:
systemctl start ntp
systemctl enable ntp
timedatectl set-ntp true
ntpq -p