====== ls ======

Programa que permite listar ficheros y directorios

Ejemplo:

<code>
$ ls -l /etc/
total 1384
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root     16 mar 10  2016 adjtime
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   1518 jun  7  2013 aliases
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  12288 feb 23  2017 aliases.db
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 oct  9  2018 alternatives
-rw-------.  1 root root    541 abr 21  2015 anacrontab
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root     55 sep 16  2014 asound.conf
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root      5 mar 10  2016 at.allow
drwxr-x---.  3 root root     41 feb 20  2017 audisp
drwxr-x---.  3 root root    102 feb 20  2017 audit
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root     33 mar 10  2016 avahi
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   2863 mar 10  2016 bash.20150601
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 feb 20  2017 bash_completion.d
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   2863 mar 10  2016 bashrc
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   2835 mar 10  2016 bashrc.20160310
</code>
===== Colores =====

''ls'' toma los colores que estén definidos en la variable de entorno ''LS_COLORS''

Podemos incluir la personalización de esta variable de entorno en el fichero ''.bashrc'' de nuestro directorio personal:

<code bash>
export LS_COLORS="$LS_COLORS:st=38;5;86;48;5;234:ow=38;5;220;1:tw=48;5;235;38;5;139;3:di=38;5;30:bd=38;5;68:cd=38;5;113;1:ex=38;5;208;1:fi=0:no=0:ln=38;5;45:"
</code>

Aplicamos los cambios saliendo de la sesión y entrando de nuevo o ''source $HOME/.bashrc''

Posibilidades de efectos:

^ Valor ^ Descripción  ^
| 0     | Color por defecto  |
| 1     | Negrita |
| 4     | Subrayado  |
| 5     | Parpadeo  |
| 7     | Intercambia los colores de texto y de fondo  |
| 8     | Invisible  |

Posibilidades de colores:

^ Valor ^ Descripción  ^
| 30 | Negro  |
| 31 | Rojo  |
| 32 | Verde  |
| 33 | Naranja  |
| 34 | Azul  |
| 35 | Morado  |
| 36 | Cián  |
| 37 | Gris  |
| 90 | Gris oscuro   |
| 91 | Rojo claro  |
| 92 | Verde claro  |
| 93 | Amarillo  |
| 94 | Azul claro  |
| 95 | Morado claro  |
| 96 | Turquesa  |
| 97 | Blanco  |

Posibilidades de fondos:

^ Valor ^ Descripción  ^
| 40    | Negro        |
| 41    | Rojo         |
| 42    | Verde        |
| 43    | Naranja      |
| 44    | Azul         |
| 45    | Morado       |
| 46    | Cián         |
| 47    | Gris         |
| 100   | Gris oscuro  |
| 101   | Rojo claro   |
| 102   | Verde claro  |
| 103   | Amarillo     |
| 104   | Azul claro   |
| 105   | Morado claro |
| 106   | Turquesa     |
| 107   | Blanco       |

Tipos de ficheros:

^ Valor  ^ Descripción  ^
| ''bd'' | = (BLOCK, BLK)   Block device (buffered) special file  |
| ''cd'' | = (CHAR, CHR)    Character device (unbuffered) special file  |
| ''di'' | = (DIR)  Directory  |
| ''do'' | = (DOOR) [Door][1]  |
| ''ex'' | = (EXEC) Executable file (ie. has 'x' set in permissions)  |
| ''fi'' | = (FILE) Normal file  |
| ''ln'' | = (SYMLINK, LINK, LNK)   Symbolic link. If you set this to ‘target’ instead of a numerical value, the color is as for the file pointed to.  |
| ''mi'' | = (MISSING)  Non-existent file pointed to by a symbolic link (visible when you type ls -l)  |
| ''no'' | = (NORMAL, NORM) Normal (non-filename) text. Global default, although everything should be something  |
| ''or'' | = (ORPHAN)   Symbolic link pointing to an orphaned non-existent file  |
| ''ow'' | = (OTHER_WRITABLE)   Directory that is other-writable (o+w) and not sticky  |
| ''pi'' | = (FIFO, PIPE)   Named pipe (fifo file)  |
| ''sg'' | = (SETGID)   File that is setgid (g+s)  |
| ''so'' | = (SOCK) Socket file  |
| ''st'' | = (STICKY)   Directory with the sticky bit set (+t) and not other-writable  |
| ''su'' | = (SETUID)   File that is setuid (u+s)  |
| ''tw'' | = (STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE)    Directory that is sticky and other-writable (+t,o+w)  |
| ''*.extension'' | =   Every file using this extension e.g. *.rpm = files with the ending .rpm  |


  * [[https://geoff.greer.fm/lscolors/|LS_COLORS generator]]
  * [[https://github.com/trapd00r/LS_COLORS|Colección de definiciones para LS_COLORS]] (GitHub)

==== Script ====

Para comprobar rápidamente cómo se ven todos los colores y estilos en la terminal, se pueden usar los siguientes scripts:

<code bash>
for i in 00{2..8} {0{3,4,9},10}{0..7}
do echo -e "$i \e[0;${i}mEsto es un texto\e[00m  \e[1;${i}mEsto es un texto\e[00m"
done
</code>

{{ :informatica:sistemas_operativos:linux:coreutils:ls_colors_script.png?nolink |}}

Con este otro se muestran todos los colores en negrita o con su color por defecto:

<code bash>
for i in 00{2..8} {0{3,4,9},10}{0..7}
do for j in 0 1
   do echo -e "$j;$i \e[$j;${i}mEsto es un texto\e[00m"
   done
done
</code>