LPIC-2 Test Examen 201

Preguntas de repaso del módulo LPI-201 para la certificación LPIC-2.

In capacity planning exercises, which tools assist in listing and identifying processes of interest? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

Which of the following tools are used to measure memory usage? (Choose THREE correct answers.)

In the following output from top, which processes contribute to the percentage of time that the CPU spends in the state of wa? 

Tasks: 193 total, 1 running, 190 sleeping, 2 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.5%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.2%id, 1.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st

Which of the following is a side effect of extensive usage of swap space?

In the below example output, which columns detail the percent of time the CPU spent running non-kernel code and the percent of time the CPU spent running kernel code? (Choose TWO correct answers.) 

# vmstat 1 100
procs ----memory---------- --swap-- --io-- --system-- --cpu--
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 359 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1117 577 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 366 0 0 100 0

In this example output, which descriptions match the purpose of the free, buff and cache columns? (Choose THREE correct answers.) 

# vmstat 1 100
procs ----memory---------- --swap-- --io-- --system-- --cpu--
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 359 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1117 577 0 0 100 0
0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 366 0 0 100 0

In the following output, the load averages represent the system load averages for what time frames? 

# uptime
12:10:05 up 18 days, 19:00, 2 users, load averagE. 0.47, 24.71, 35.31

What is a key difference between a zImage and bzImage kernel image?

Which of the following command sequences can be used to extract files contained in a initramfs file (/boot/initramfs) which is used by the kernel at boot time?

Incluyo abajo una explicación porque este comando no está en la teoría.

cpio es una herramienta para empaquetar/desempaquetar archivos como tar. Los kernles nuevos emplean cpio para crear el archivo initrd o initramfs. Con la opción -i indicamos que queremos extraer (desempaquetar) desde un archivo. Por ejemplo: 

cpio -i < /tmp/initramfs

Extraería el contenido de /tmp/initramfs en el directorio actual.

On a server running the 3.4.50-11 Linux kernel, which file in the /boot directory contains the kernel configuration parameters?

Which archive format is used to create an initramfs image?

Kernels antiguos emplean tar, pero los modernos usan cpio.

How can the kernel parameter for the maximum size of the shared memory segment (shmmax) be changed to 2GB (2147483648 Bytes) on a running system? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

Which option to the update-rc.d command will cause the removal of all symlinks to /etc/rcX.d/*test2 even when the script /etc/init.d/test2 still exists?

If all of the following files and/or symlinks exist in a SysV-init runlevel directory, which of the following will be executed first when booting the system directly into the runlevel?

A system with SysV-init has a service installed called apache2. Which file controls the start and stop of this service and is referenced by the various runlevel directories?

After changing the default runlevel in the SysV-init configuration file, the system boots in a different than intended runlevel. Where else could this different runlevel be defined?

Why is the root file system mounted read-only during boot and remounted with write permission later on?

Which files are updated as devices are mounted and unmounted to provide information on the currently mounted devices and the options used? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

Due to extreme system use, a Linux system requires some additional swap space. To initialize 5GB of additional swap space, which combination of commands should be used?

What does a 0 in the last field (fsck order) of /etc/fstab indicate about the filesystem?

Which of the following best describes the format of the /etc/fstab file?

How can the label root be added to the ext2 filesystem on /dev/sda1?

Which of the following is a CD-ROM filesystem standard?

What is the minimum number of disks required in a fully redundant RAID5 array?

Which file in /proc contains information on the status of local software RAID devices?

Which single command will simulate a failed device within a RAID 5 array?

Which RAID level value must be used with Linux software RAID in order to create an array of mirrored devices?

Which of the following commands is used to set up a RAID volume?

What is incorrect about these entries in /etc/hosts which could be causing host name lookup problems with hosts2? 

host1 192.168.1.12
host2 192.168.1.12

Which command can be used to scan a specified network looking for IP addresses that appear to be in use?

What command is used to make an exact copy, at a single point in time, of a logical volume for backup purposes?

What mount option must be used in /etc/fstab when mounting an iSCSI target?

The main configuration file for autofs has this entry: 

/home /etc/auto.home

What is the meaning of the /etc/auto.home file?

Where would fsck put any unreferenced file or file fragments on a ext4 filesystem?

What component of a system does smartd monitor?

What are the main network services used by the PXE protocol? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

What is the functionality that PXE provides?

What mechanism does collectd use to gather monitoring information on systems?

Which of the following commands will securely copy the directory ./fyf to /var/tmp on the remote host deltaur using the remote user account kevin?

Which file contains the text message that is displayed after logging into the console? (Specify the full name of the file, including path.)

The users of the local network complain that name resolution is not fast enough. Enter the command, without the path or any options, that shows the time taken to resolve a DNS query.

According to the tcpdump output below, what is the IP address of the client host? 

02:12:40.511381 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: S 3838532429:3838532429(0) win 5840 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 31325740,nop,wscale 2>
02:12:40.511540 IP 192.168.246.1.22 > 192.168.246.11.1045: S 1209330085:1209330085(0) ack 3838532430 win 5792 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 11553457 3132574,nop,wscale 0>
02:12:40.511755 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: .ack 1 win 1460 <nop,nop,timestamp 3 132574 11553457>
02:12:40.515122 IP 192.168.246.1.22 > 192.168.246.11.1045: P 1:26(25) ack 1 win 5792 <nop,nop,timestamp 11553460 3132574>
02:12:40.515511 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: ack 26 win 1460 <nop,nop,timestamp 3132578 11553460>
02:12:40.515952 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: P 1:23(22) ack 26 win 1460 <nop,nop,timestamp 3132578 11553460>

Which command is used to create a ISO9660 filesystem? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)

Consider the following /etc/fstab file: 

/dev/hda1 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/hda2 / ext2 defaults 1 1
/dev/hda3 /home ext2 defaults 1 2
none /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /media/usb0 vfat user,noauto 0 0

What is one of possible commands that an ordinary (non-root) user can use to mount the /dev/sdb1 partition on the /media/usb0 mount point? (Please enter the command with all parameters and/or options but without any file system type options.)

También se podría hacer con mount /media/usb0

Please enter the complete path to the main SysV init process configuration file.

Which directory contains the system-specific udev rule files? (Specify the absolute path including the directory name)

A database application requires a maximum shared memory segment (shmmax) of 2GB (2147483648 Bytes). Which configuration file should be modified to set this kernel parameter permanently? (Specify the full name of the file, including path.)

According to the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), what is the path to the Linux kernel source and may be a symbolic link to the real Linux source code? (Please specify the full path with no version information.)

According to the tcpdump output below, what is the IP address of the client host? 

02:12:40.511381 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: S 3838532429:3838532429(0) win 5840 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 31325740,nop,wscale 2>
02:12:40.511540 IP 192.168.246.1.22 > 192.168.246.11.1045: S 1209330085:1209330085(0) ack 3838532430 win 5792 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 11553457 3132574,nop,wscale 0>
02:12:40.511755 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: .ack 1 win 1460 <nop,nop,timestamp 3 132574 11553457>
02:12:40.515122 IP 192.168.246.1.22 > 192.168.246.11.1045: P 1:26(25) ack 1 win 5792 <nop,nop,timestamp 11553460 3132574>
02:12:40.515511 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: ack 26 win 1460 <nop,nop,timestamp 3132578 11553460>
02:12:40.515952 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: P 1:23(22) ack 26 win 1460 <nop,nop,timestamp 3132578 11553460>

Which file contains the message that is displayed above the login prompt of the system console? (Specify the full name of the file, including path.)

What is the device name for the first SCSI tape drive on a system when used without automatic rewinding after each write operation? (Please specify the full path to the device.)

Running tcpdump -nli eth1 'tcp' shows the following output: 

14:41:53.694538 IP 10.1.52.145.51738 > 24.215.7.162.143: Flags [.], ack 33051, win 1002, options [nop,nop, TS val 36789130 ecr 1746004159], length 0

What is the source IP address of this packet? (Please specify the answer in digits and dots ONLY.)

Which program lists information about files and network connections opened by processes? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)

The following command has just been run sucessfully: 

cd /opt; tar xvf /dev/nst0:

What will happen if the command sequence is run again?

Under which of the following circumstances would the command ping output the string (DUP!)?

Which of the following filter keywords for tcpdump specify the transfer direction for network packets? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

What command will remove a physical volume from a volume group?

What action should be performed after increasing the size of a logical volume?

What are the options to node.starup in the iscsid.conf file? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

Revisar dónde viene esto explicado

Which of the following is an example path to a Linux software RAID array?

Which of the following are common backup systems used in Linux? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

Which of the following commands will erase the contents of the /dev/sdb3 partition?

A regular user, joe, has just run: 

./configure && make && make install

to build and install a program. However, the installation fails. What could be done to install the program? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

What should be done after updating the configuration file for syslogd in order to make the changes become effective? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

What does the -p3 option to the patch command do?

When a makefile is included in a source code package, what are commonly defined targets in the file?

Which of the following files will be looked for and used by GNU make, if one of them exists, unless a different file is specified on the command line when trying to compile software from source code? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A correctly formatted entry has been added to /etc/hosts.deny to prevent certain clients from connecting to a service but this is having no effect. What could be the cause of this? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

Which /etc/hosts.allow entries will permit access to sshd for users from the 192.168.1.0/24 subnet? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A network client has an ethernet interface (eth0) configured with an IP address in the subnet 192.168.0.0/24. This subnet has a router, with the IP address 192.168.0.1, that connects this subnet to the Internet. What needs to be done on the client to enable it to use the router as its default gateway? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

What should be done to ensure a client machine uses the recursive nameserver running on the IP address 192.168.0.1? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

The correct command sequence to create and mount logical volumes on a Linux system is:

What is the purpose of the command vgextend?

Which two LVM commands are missing from the following sequence which is used to create a logical volume and make use of it on a Linux system? pvcreate, _, _, mkfs, mount

Considering the following kernel IP routing table below, which of the following commands must be used to remove the route to the network 10.10.1.0/24? (Select TWO answers) 

Kernel IP routing table
Destination   Gateway        Genmask         Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
203.0.113.162 0.0.0.0        255.255.255.255 UH    0      0   0   ppp0
172.16.87.0   0.0.0.0        255.255.255.0   U     0      0   0   eth0
192.168.246.0 0.0.0.0        255.255.255.0   U     0      0   0   eth1
10.10.1.0     192.168.246.11 255.255.255.0   UG    0      0   0   eth1
127.0.0.0     0.0.0.0        255.0.0.0       U     0      0   0   lo
0.0.0.0       203.0.113.162  0.0.0.0         UG    0      0   0   ppp0

Which of the following wireless tools can be used to check the wireless network link quality? (Choose TWO correct answers).

Esto no parece estar explicado en ningún lado de los recursos del curso.

Which of the following files are used to resolve hostnames to IP address?(Choose TWO correct answers).

Which of the following commands will list the IPv4 neighbords of the current system? This includes IP and MAC addresses (Choose TWO correct answers).

What is the command to add another IP address (192.168.1.2) to a network interface (eth0) that already has (at least) one IP address in the 192.168.1.0/24 subnet?

The following is an excerpt from the output of tcpdump -nli eth1 'udp': 

13:03:17.277327 IP 192.168.123.5.1065 > 192.168.5.112.53: 43653+ A? lpi.org. (25)
13:03:17.598624 IP 192.168.5.112.53 > 192.168.123.5.1065: 43653 1/0/0 A 198.51.100.42 (41)

Which network service or protocol was used?

The following is an excerpt from the output of tcpdump -nli eth1: 

13:03:17.277327 IP 192.168.123.5.1065 > 192.168.5.112.21: Flags [.], ack 1 (truncated)
13:03:17.598624 IP 192.168.5.112.21 > 192.168.123.5.1065: Flags [P .], seq (truncated)

Which network service or protocol was used?

Which of the following commands can be used to script interactions with various TCP or UDP services?

nc es el nombre del comando que algunas aplicaciones le dan a netcat.

The IDE hard drive /dev/hda does not have DMA enabled. Which command must be run to enable DMA on it?

A server has three disks of 80GB each and must manage a database with 4 million records of 30KB each. The best configuration for this server, with the criteria being performance, configurability and flexibility

What is the usable disk space of a RAID 5 array of five 18GB drives with one drive dedicated as a spare?

Poner aquí cómo se realiza este cálculo

You decide to use the logical volume manager (LVM) to manage four 4GB disk drives. After creating the volume group, how would you create a 10GB logical volume called big-app?

La opción -l indica el número de logical extents (LE) que se reservarán para el nuevo volumen lógico. Por defecto, un extent son 4 MiB, así que 2560 * 4 = 10240 GiB

Which RAID level provides the most redundancy?

Redundancia se refiere a la duplicidad de los datos. El RAID 1 contiene una copia de cada archivo.

In the following output, what is the 5 minute load average for the system? 

# uptime
12:10:05 up 18 days, 19:00, 2 users, load averagE. 0.47, 24.71, 35.31

Which commands below are useful to collect data about remote filesystem connections? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

Esta información no aparece en el material del curso

In the following output, what percentage of time was the CPU waiting for pending I/O? 

procs -------------memory---------- --swap-- --io-- --system-- ----cpu----
 r  b    swpd   free   buff   cache   si so  bi bo    in   cs  us sy id wa
 0  0      0   282120 134108 5797012   0  0   0  2     0    0  0  0  100 0
 0  0      0   282120 134108 5797012   0  0   0  0   1007 359  0  0  100 0
 0  0      0   282120 134108 5797012   0  0   0  0   1117 577  0  0  100 0
 0  0      0   282120 134108 5797012   0  0   0  0   1007 366  0  0  100 0

Lo indica la columna wa (waiting)

Which of the following commands will provide the PIDs of the processes sorted by which are using the most CPU cycles on the Linux system?

Which command will report information on memory usage, paging and block input/output?

When planning a web server which of the following choices will impact system sizing? (Choose THREE correct answers.)

When is historical data of resource usage important? (Select THREE correct answers.)

What happens if the Linux kernel can't mount the root filesystem when booting?

Which of the following terms are used to describe 3.x kernel releases? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

What is the correct parameter to pass to the kernel at boot time to force it to use only one of the available processors?

Esta información no aparece en el material del curso

What information does the file modules.dep provide?

Which commands are used to load modules into the Linux kernel? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

What is the purpose of the command udevadm monitor?

During booting, when the Linux kernel loads an initramfs file, which command from the initramfs will be executed first, if present?

In case the file containing the Linux kernel is lost, what happens when the system is booting?

A Linux server is running in single user mode for regular maintenance. Which commands are used to restore the server to its usual runlevel? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A server requires a GRUB2 boot option which will always boot to runlevel 1. Which line of a GRUB2 configuration file starts the beginning of the settings needed to make this new choice available?

Where is the LILO boot loader code typically installed on a system with only a single Linux installation and no other operating systems?

Which command is used to install a new LILO boot loader?

What command can be used on an existing (formatted) partition, to configure the interval between disk checks when mounting partitions?

Which directory in /dev/disk/ can be used to determinate the UUID of a connected hard disk?

What keyword is missing in the following line from /etc/fstab in order to make a USB flash device writeable by the user fred when mounted: 

/dev/sda1 /mount/usbflash vfat defaults,users,_______=fred,umask=022 0 0

Esta información no aparece en el material del curso

After a lot of write operations, the adminitrator want to ensure that the kernel flushes the file system buffers to disk. Which command will accomplish this? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)

Which command turns an existing ext2 filesystem non-destructively into an ext3 filesystem? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)

What is the full path to the directory which contains the scripts (or links to the original scripts) to run while the system boots to SysV-init runlevel 2?

Which file tells GRUB the paths of the filesystem partitions in both Linux format and in the GRUB syntax? (Specify the file name only with no path information)

Ejemplo de fichero device.map: 

(fd0) /dev/fd0
(hd0) /dev/hda

Which keyword is used in the /etc/inittab file to define the SysV-init default system runlevel?

Which command is used to unload a single module currently loaded by the kernel without unloading any modules that it depends upon? (Specify the command with or without path information)

Which command is used to unload a single module currently loaded by the kernel without unloading any modules that it depends upon? (Specify the command with or without path information)

A new kernel version needs to be compiled to use a new feature. If the old kernel configuration file is available, which make target creates a configuration file for the new kernel based on the configuration of the old kernel?

After configuring a new kernel, what file under /usr/src/linux/ contains the configurarion?

What is the main template file used by autofs?

Which of the following are common Linux filesystem types used for root partitions? (Choose THREE correct answers. )

What is the purpose of the smartd daemon?

What option in the collectd configuration file is required in order to define what to start monitoring?

How is the source code for the main Linux kernel modules distributed?

A system has one hard disk and one CD writer which are both connected to SATA controllers. Which device represents the CD writer?

What information does the file modules.dep provide?

Before compiling a new kernel, what needs to be done?

What script is included with the kernel source to patch a kernel?

El script patch-kernel se encuentra en el directorio scripts de las fuentes del kernel, mientras que el comando patch viene con la distribución Linux.

In what order would the following commands result in a compiled kernel, compiled kernel modules and installation of kernel modules in the appropriate kernel directory?

  1. make menuconfig
  2. make bzImage
  3. make modules
  4. make modules-install

What is the memory limit for low memory kernel installation in older Linux systems?

Which of the following make targets are valid for “cleaning” a system prior to compiling the kernel (Choose All That Apply)?

Running make menuconfig will create an ncurses based menu of choices containing the contents of the existing kernel configuration as a base for beginning the compilation process for the kernel.

The kernel source and documentation is always installed in the same package, regardless of distribution type or version.

What program does the workstation firmware start at boot time?

The workstation firmware looks for the bootloader program to load an operating sys- tem. The init and telinit programs (options B and E) are used to change the runlevel of a running Linux system, so they aren’t useful until after the Linux system has started. The Windows operating system only starts after a Windows bootloader program runs, so option C is incorrect. The mount program is a Linux tool for attaching a partition to the virtual directory, which isn’t available until after the Linux system starts, so option D is also incorrect.

Where are the GRUB Legacy configuration files stored?

Where are GRUB2 configuration files stored? (Select all that apply.)

What command must you run to generate the GRUB2 grub.cfg configuration file?

What program does the kernel use to start other programs?

Which configuration file contains the SysV default runlevel?

What runlevel is the default for Debian-based systems?

What command would you use to change the current runlevel? (Select all that apply.)

What command displays the runlevels in which a program will be started?

What command do Debian systems use to set the runlevels for programs?

What program allows you to fix corrupt hard drive partitions?

Where does the firmware first look for a Linux bootloader program?

The workstation firmware looks at the first sector of the first hard drive to load the boot- loader program. This is called the Master Boot Record, so option B is correct. The bootloader program itself can use the chainloader feature to look for another bootloader in a boot partition, but the firmware can’t do that, so option D is incorrect. Option A specifies the configuration folder used to store the GRUB configuration file and the kernel image file, but the actual GRUB bootloader program can’t be stored there. Option C specifies the common log file folder, but that doesn’t contain the GRUB bootloader program. Option E also speci- fies a common Linux configuration file directory, but it’s not used to store the GRUB boot- loader program that the firmware can access.

Which command allows you to append a partition to the virtual directory on a running Linux system?

What Linux command lets you examine the most recent boot messages?

The kernel ring buffer, which you can view by typing dmesg, contains boot messages from the kernel; thus option B is correct. The fsck program fixes corrupt partitions, and the mount program is used to attach partitions to the virtual directory, so neither of those is correct. The init program, is used to start programs from the kernel, not display boot messages, so it also is incorrect. The chkconfig program, is used to display the runlevels assigned to individual programs in the startup scripts and is not related to the boot messages, so it too is incorrect.

What folder do most Linux distributions use to store boot logs?

Most Linux distributions store boot log files in the /var/log folder. The /etc folder is most often used for storing system and application configuration files, not boot logs, so option D is incorrect. Some Unix systems use the /var/messages folder for storing log files, but Linux has not adopted this standard, so option E is also incorrect. The /boot folder contains the GRUB configuration files along with the image files necessary to boot the system, but it’s not where Linux stores boot logs and is thus incorrect. The /proc folder is unique in that the Linux kernel dynamically stores information about the system there, but it doesn’t store boot log information there.

Where does the workstation BIOS attempt to find a bootloader program? (Select all that apply.)

The BIOS firmware can look in multiple locations for a bootloader program. Normally, it looks at the internal hard drive installed on the system; however, if none is found, it can search other places. Most workstations allow you to boot from an external hard drive or from a DVD drive. Modern workstations now also provide the option to boot from a USB memory stick inserted into a USB port on the workstation. Finally, many work- stations provide the PXE boot option, which allows the workstation to boot remotely from a network server.

Where is the Master Boot Record located?

The Master Boot Record (MBR) is located in only one place—on the first sector of the first hard drive on the workstation. The boot partition in any hard drive may contain a bootloader, but it is not the MBR, which is run first by the firmware; thus option D is incorrect. The other locations are not valid for the MBR, so options A, C, and E are all incorrect.

Where is the EFI System Partition (ESP) stored on Linux systems?

The ESP is stored in the /boot/efi directory on Linux systems. The UEFI firmware always looks for the /boot/efi directory for bootloader programs, so option D is correct. The /etc directory is used to store application and system configuration files, not bootloader programs, so option D is incorrect. The /var folder is used to store variable files such as log files, not bootable files, so option E is incorrect. Option C, the /boot/grub file, is used in GRUB Legacy and GRUB2 to store the bootloader configuration files, as well as the kernel image files. However, it is not used to store the bootloader files themselves, so option C is incorrect

What file extension do UEFI bootloader files use?

The UEFI specification doesn’t require a specific extension for UEFI bootloader files; however, it has become somewhat common in Linux to use the .efi file extension to identify them; thus option E is correct. Option B and option D specify file extensions used to identify GRUB2 (option B) and GRUB Legacy (option D) configuration files, not UEFI bootloader files, so they are both incorrect. Option D specifies the .lst file extension, which is also used for GRUB Legacy configuration files, so it too is incorrect. The .uefi file extension is not used in Linux, so option A is incorrect.

Which was the first bootloader program used in Linux?

Which of the following commands will allow a message to be sent to any tty terminals with write access allowed? (Choose all that apply.)

To verify a tar backup immediately after it is created, you use which of the following tar command options? (Choose all that apply.)

Which of the following indicates a tape device that automatically rewinds? (Choose all that apply.)

To control a magnetic tape for backups, use the program.

Which of the following rsync commands is the proper way to send a backup over the net- work to the remote host, ServerA, while having the transfer encrypted using OpenSSH?

Which of the following are true about the dd command? (Choose all that apply.)

When installing a program from source code, which of the following installation files typically can provide you with additional installation information? (Choose all that apply.)

During the process of installing a program from source, which of the following creates or updates the Makefile with the Makefile.in file’s contents and what it finds on your system?

Which of the following monitoring commands allow you to view system memory information? (Choose all that apply.)

Which of the following will show CPU usage information 20 times in 2-second intervals?

Which of the following are considered to be system resource-monitoring solutions? (Choose all that apply.)

To shut down your system without sending a message to users, use which of the following /sbin/shutdown options

Which of the following are true about Linux system memory? (Choose all that apply.)

Your company’s legal department has decided that a login notification is needed on a Linux system that you manage, warning that unauthorized system use is prohibited. Which method is the best one for deploying this legal notification?

Assume that money is plentiful, and you want the fastest media to use for your company’s backups. Based on that information, which is the best backup media choice?

Your co-worker, also a system administrator, hands you an SSD and says, “This has all the files on it that were created and/or modified since the system’s last full backup.” Which of the following backup types can this backup be? (Choose all that apply.)

Which of the following Linux directories should be included in a backup when you plan on using the backup data in full system restores? (Choose all that apply.)

Which of the following software packages are GUI and/or web-based backup solutions? (Choose all that apply.)

Which of the following tar command options would employ gzip compression for creating a backup tarball? (Choose all that apply.)

When using the tar command for an incremental backup, a snapshot file is created. This snapshot file should have which of the following file extensions as part of its name?

Which part of a Linux system manages system memory?

Which program should you use to create an initial RAM disk for a Debian-based system?

Which command should you use to list all of the installed modules?

Which command should you use to install a module if you don’t know its filename?

Which command should you use to display information about USB devices installed on the system?

Which option in the lsusb command displays detailed information about the USB devices?

Which type of hardware devices can you connect to the Linux system as it’s running?

What program does Linux use to detect hotplug devices and load the appropriate modules?

Where are the udevd configuration settings stored?

Where are the udevd rules stored?

Where is the dynamic pseudo-directory the kernel creates to peek at kernel settings and perormance statistics located?

What is the area on the hard disk called that is used as memory storage?

What command allows you to change kernel settings during runtime?

What method does Linux use to load device drivers into the kernel?

Which kernel file type is used to boot the Linux system?

What type of release can you use to upgrade an existing kernel to a newer version?

Which make utility target uses text-based questions to configure the kernel?

Which make utility target uses a graphical interface to configure the kernel?

Which make utility target should you use to remove any old object files from a previous compile?

Which make utility target is commonly used to generate a compressed kernel binary file?

Assuming that you have or can obtain super user privileges, which of the following commands would allow you to make an ext2 filesystem on the /dev/sdd2 partition? (Choose all that apply.)

Which command should be used to create an ISO? (Choose the best answer.)

You’ve just created a new disk partition, /dev/sde3, and want to prepare it as swap space. Which command do you use? (Choose the best answer.)

Which of the following map types can be found in the /etc/auto.master file? (Choose all that apply.)

You want to change the AutoFS service’s master map to a different configuration file than the /etc/auto.master file. Which configuration file might you edit to accomplish this, depending on your distribution? (Choose the best answer.)

Which of the following encrypted filesystems is a layered filesystem? (Choose the best answer.)

Which of the following is not a utility for adjusting the ext2, ext3, and ext4 filesystems? (Choose the best answer.)

You have generated a new UUID and want to assign it to an unmounted ext4 filesystem. Which utility do you use? (Choose the best answer.)

You have super user privileges, and you type the command fsck.xfs to run a filesystem check on an XFS filesystem. What will happen? (Choose the best answer.)

You have a Btrfs filesystem that has performed well for a long time. However, for some reason, it has suffered a catastrophic problem and you need to restore files. Which utility should you use? (Choose the best answer.)

Which of the following commands checks for inconsistencies but does not conduct any repairs for an XFS filesystem? (Choose the best answer.)

Which one of the following files contains a list of all of the filesystems your system supports?

ou have a disk drive partition /dev/sdc3 that supports SMART and has it enabled. Assum- ing that you have super user privileges, which command will show you a quick summary status, including whether or not it has passed the overall health self-assessment test? (Choose the best answer.)

Assuming that you have (or have access to) super user privileges to temporarily attach a formatted filesystem to the Linux virtual directory structure, which of the following should you do? (Choose the best answer.)

The number c344d0f9–6d54–4a92-ad4d-c5a44fac2eeb identifies a filesystem that needs to be temporarily mounted. Which option for the needed command should you choose? (Choose the best answer.)

Which command should be used to force filesystems to write metadata residing in memory to the filesystem media structures? (Choose the best answer.)

Each entry in the /etc/fstab has several required fields. Which of the following could describe one of the fields? (Choose all that apply.)

You need to determine a filesystem’s UUID. Which utility can help you do this? (Choose the best answer.)

Using a Btrfs filesystem, which RAID configurations can be implemented? (Choose all that apply.)

Which of the following are considered extensions of the ISO9660 standard? (Choose all that apply.)

Which of the following RAID array structures are considered fault tolerant? (Choose all that apply.)

Which of the following sdparm command options will show all of the common mode parameters for a designated device? (Choose the best answer.)

What number designates both an iSCSI target server and an iSCSI disk being offered by that target? (Choose the best answer.)

Where are iSCSI discovery records stored? (Choose all that apply.)

Which of the following allows multiple partitions or whole disks to be grouped together and used as a single drive? (Choose all that apply.)

Which is a designated unused disk partition or drive that can be used by LVM? (Choose the best answer.)

Which of the following is not true concerning PEs? (Choose the best answer.)

Which of the following is true concerning LEs? (Choose the best answer.)

Which of the following LVM utilities will designate a partition as a PV? (Choose the best answer.)

You’ve just finished creating vg01. What utility would be the best one to check it? (Choose the best answer.)

Which of the following are true about LV snapshots? (Choose all that apply.)

Which one of the following RAID structures is also called disk striping with double parity? (Choose the best answer.)

To rename an LV, which utility should you use? (Choose the best answer.)

After you issue the modprobe raid6 command using super user privileges on your system, which file should you check to determine if software RAID is supported on your system? (Choose the best answer.)

Which of the following is not an mdadm command mode? (Choose the best answer.)

Which of the following mdadm command options chooses the mode to make a RAID array? (Choose the best answer.)

Current RAID array status is held in what file? (Choose the best answer.)

Which of the following mdadm options would show in the RAID array in which the /dev/sdc1 drive has membership? (Choose the best answer.)

To delete an unmounted RAID array, you must do which of the following? (Choose all that apply.)

On which of the following drive types can the hdparm utility be used? (Choose all that apply.)

Which network layer uses the Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) encryption?

Which transport layer protocol guarantees packet delivery?

Which nc command format listens for incoming HTTP connections to simulate a web server?

What folder do Red Hat–based systems use to store network configuration files?

Which configuration line sets a dynamic IP address for a Debian system?

Which file contains a list of DNS servers that the Linux system can use to resolve hostnames?

Which ifconfig format correctly assigns an IP address and netmask to the eth0 interface?

What command displays all of the available wireless networks in your area?

What option sets the wireless access point name in the iwconfig command?

What command can you use both to display and to set the IP address, netmask, and default router values?

What tool allows you to send ICMP messages to a remote host to test network connectivity?

What network layer feature defines the network to which the system is connected?

Which command allows you to view network packets?

Which of the following is a correct netmask value?

What two parts make up an IP address?

How many bits are used in an IPv6 address?

What network setting defines the network device that routes packets intended for hosts on remote networks?

What device setting defines a host that maps a hostname to an IP address?

What is used to assign an IP address automatically to a client?

What type of address is used so that local applications can use network protocols to communicate with each other?

¿Con el comando sar, mostrar opciones de cpu?

Qué comando visualiza los procesos del usuario apache y mysql con el comando ps?

¿Que opción del comando vmstat muestra las estadísticas de memoria?

¿ El parametro -t del comando lvextend permite?

¿Cuál es el tipo de partición Linux estándar?

¿Qué comando cambia la prioridad en un proceso de Linux ya en ejecución?

¿Qué comandos de Linux se pueden utilizar para reparar un apagado incorrecto, o para reparar particiones corruptas después de un mal apagado?

¿Qué comando permite redimensionar sistemas de archivos xfs?

¿Cuál de los siguientes comandos crea un raid1 en linux?

¿Qué comando permite reinstalar el grub?

¿Qué comando permite activar swap en caliente para el archivo /swap?

¿Con el comando sar, mostrar todas las estadísticas?

¿Cuál de estas variables devuelve el valor del PID del Shell actual?

¿Qué comando permite instalar el paquete webmin.rpm?

¿ Eliminar el paquete traceroute.deb y todas sus dependencias con dpkg?

La opción -P equivale a --purge, es decir, elimina todo incluidos los ficheros de configuración.

¿ Comando sar mostrar estadísticas de red?

¿ Que comando muestra el mapa de la memoria de un proceso?

¿ Que hace el comando partprobe?

¿ El usuario operador puede cambiar la prioridad a -5 al proceso 1092?