Diferencias

Muestra las diferencias entre dos versiones de la página.

--- informatica:certificaciones:lpic:lpic-2:201_tests_examen [2021/05/13 12:08] – tempwin
+++ informatica:certificaciones:lpic:lpic-2:201_tests_examen [2021/06/23 00:07] (actual) – tempwin
@@ Línea 758: / Línea 758: @@
 <WRAP center round info 60%>
-La opción ''-l'' indica el número de //extents// que se reservarán para el nuevo volumen lógico. Por defecto, un //extent// son 4 MiB, así que 2560 * 4 = 10240 GiB
+La opción ''-l'' indica el número de //logical extents// (LE) que se reservarán para el nuevo volumen lógico. Por defecto, un //extent// son 4 MiB, así que 2560 * 4 = 10240 GiB
 </WRAP>
 **Which RAID level provides the most redundancy?**
@@ Línea 768: / Línea 767: @@
   * RAID1 (**Solución**)
   * RAID0
+<WRAP center round info 60%>
+Redundancia se refiere a la duplicidad de los datos. El RAID 1 contiene una copia de cada archivo.
+</WRAP>
 **In the following output, what is the 5 minute load average for the system?**
 <code>
 # uptime
@@ Línea 787: / Línea 791: @@
   * ''sadf''
   * ''cifsiostat'' (**Solución**)
+<WRAP center round important 60%>
+Esta información no aparece en el material del curso
+</WRAP>
 **In the following output, what percentage of time was the CPU waiting for pending I/O?**
 <code>
-procs ----memory---------- --swap-- --io-- --system-- --cpu--
+procs -------------memory---------- --swap-- --io-- --system-- ----cpu----
-r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa
+ r  b    swpd   free   buff   cache   si so  bi bo    in   cs  us sy id wa
-0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 100 0
+  0      0   282120 134108 5797012   0  0   0  2     0    0  0  0  100 0
-0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 359 0 0 100 0
+  0      0   282120 134108 5797012   0  0   0  0   1007 359  0  0  100 0
-0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1117 577 0 0 100 0
+  0      0   282120 134108 5797012   0  0   0  0   1117 577  0  0  100 0
-0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 366 0 0 100 0
+  0      0   282120 134108 5797012   0  0   0  0   1007 366  0  0  100 0
 </code>
@@ Línea 803: / Línea 811: @@
   * 57.7
   * 36.6
+<WRAP center round info 60%>
+Lo indica la columna ''wa'' (//waiting//)
+</WRAP>
 **Which of the following commands will provide the PIDs of the processes sorted by which are using the most CPU cycles on the Linux system?**
@@ Línea 841: / Línea 854: @@
   * An error message is shown and the system reboots after a keypress.
   * An error message is shown and the system boots in maintenance mode.
-  * An error message is shown showing which device couldn't be mounted or informing that init couldn't be found. (**Solución**)
+  * An error message is shown showing which device couldn't be mounted or informing that ''init'' couldn't be found. (**Solución**)
   * An error message is shown stating that the corresponding kernel module couldn't be loaded.
@@ Línea 859: / Línea 872: @@
   * ''vcpumx=1''
-**What information does the file modules.dep provide?**
+<WRAP center round important 60%>
+Esta información no aparece en el material del curso
+</WRAP>
+**What information does the file ''modules.dep'' provide?**
   * A list of all modules, compiled or not, that are available to the kernel.
@@ Línea 875: / Línea 892: @@
   * ''probemod''
-**What is the purpose of the command udevadm monitor?**
+**What is the purpose of the command ''udevadm monitor''?**
   * It listens to kernel events produced by a udev rule and print information to the console. (**Solución**)
@@ Línea 882: / Línea 899: @@
   * It communicates with D-Bus to setup new devices.
-**During booting, when the Linux kernel loads an initramfs file, which command from the initramfs will be executed first, if present?**
+**During booting, when the Linux kernel loads an ''initramfs'' file, which command from the ''initramfs'' will be executed first, if present?**
   * ''/init'' (**Solución**)
@@ Línea 934: / Línea 951: @@
   * ''tune2fs'' (**Solución**)
-**Which directory in /dev/disk/ can be used to determinate the UUID of a connected hard disk?**
+**Which directory in ''/dev/disk/'' can be used to determinate the UUID of a connected hard disk?**
   * ''by-uuid''
 **What keyword is missing in the following line from ''/etc/fstab'' in order to make a USB flash device writeable by the user fred when mounted:**
 <code>
 /dev/sda1 /mount/usbflash vfat defaults,users,_______=fred,umask=022 0 0
@@ Línea 944: / Línea 962: @@
   * ''uid''
+<WRAP center round important 60%>
+Esta información no aparece en el material del curso
+</WRAP>
 **After a lot of write operations, the adminitrator want to ensure that the kernel flushes the file system buffers to disk. Which command will accomplish this? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)**
@@ Línea 949: / Línea 971: @@
   * ''sync''
-**Which command turns an existing ext2 filesystem non-destructively into an ext3 filesystem?
+**Which command turns an existing ext2 filesystem non-destructively into an ext3 filesystem? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)**
-(Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)**
   * ''tune2fs''
@@ Línea 962: / Línea 983: @@
   * ''device.map''
-**Which keyword is used in the /etc/inittab file to define the SysV-init default system runlevel?**
+Ejemplo de fichero ''device.map'':
+<code>
+(fd0) /dev/fd0
+(hd0) /dev/hda
+</code>
+**Which keyword is used in the ''/etc/inittab'' file to define the SysV-init default system runlevel?**
   * ''initdefault''
@@ Línea 978: / Línea 1006: @@
   * ''oldconfig''
-**After configuring a new kernel, what file under /usr/src/linux/ contains the configurarion?**
+**After configuring a new kernel, what file under ''/usr/src/linux/'' contains the configurarion?**
   * ''.config''
-**What is the main template file used by autofs?**
+**What is the main template file used by ''autofs''?**
   * ''default.maps''
@@ Línea 997: / Línea 1025: @@
   * Btrfs  (**Solución**)
-**What is the purpose of the smartd daemon?**
+**What is the purpose of the ''smartd'' daemon?**
   * It is a user space daemon used for reading smart cards and integrated circuit chips.
@@ Línea 1004: / Línea 1032: @@
   * It monitors certain disk drives and attempts to predict when they will fail. (**Solución**)
-**What option in the collectd configuration file is required in order to define what to start monitoring?**
+**What option in the ''collectd'' configuration file is required in order to define what to start monitoring?**
   * LoadModule
@@ Línea 1026: / Línea 1054: @@
   * ''/dev/sr1''
-**What information does the file modules.dep provide?**
+**What information does the file ''modules.dep'' provide?**
   * A list of all modules available to the kernel.
@@ Línea 1048: / Línea 1076: @@
   * ''apply-patch''
   * ''update-kernel''
+<WRAP center round info 60%>
+El script ''patch-kernel'' se encuentra en el directorio ''scripts'' de las fuentes del kernel, mientras que el comando ''patch'' viene con la distribución Linux.
+</WRAP>
+**In what order would the following commands result in a compiled kernel, compiled kernel modules and installation of kernel modules in the appropriate kernel directory?**
+  - ''make menuconfig''
+  - ''make bzImage''
+  - ''make modules''
+  - ''make modules-install''
+**What is the memory limit for low memory kernel installation in older Linux systems?**
+  * 512k
+**Which of the following ''make'' targets are valid for "cleaning" a system prior to compiling the kernel (Choose All That Apply)?**
+  * ''clean'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''distclean'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''mrproper'' (**Solución**)
+**Running ''make menuconfig'' will create an ncurses based menu of choices containing the contents of the existing kernel configuration as a base for beginning the compilation process for the kernel.**
+  * Verdadero (**Solución**)
+**The kernel source and documentation is always installed in the same package, regardless of distribution type or version.**
+  * Falso (**Solución**)
+**What program does the workstation firmware start at boot time?**
+  * The ''telinit'' program
+  * A bootloader (**Solución**)
+  * The init program
+  * The mount command
+  * The Windows OS
+<WRAP center round info 60%>
+The workstation firmware looks for the bootloader program to load an operating sys- tem. The init and telinit programs (options B and E) are used to change the runlevel of a running Linux system, so they aren’t useful until after the Linux system has started. The Windows operating system only starts after a Windows bootloader program runs, so option C is incorrect. The mount program is a Linux tool for attaching a partition to the virtual directory, which isn’t available until after the Linux system starts, so option D is also incorrect.
+</WRAP>
+**Where are the GRUB Legacy configuration files stored?**
+  * ''/var''
+  * ''/etc''
+  * ''/boot/grub'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/proc''
+  * ''/boot/efi''
+**Where are GRUB2 configuration files stored? (Select all that apply.)**
+  * ''/boot/grub'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/proc''
+  * ''/var''
+  * ''/boot/efi''
+  * ''/etc/grub.d'' (**Solución**)
+**What command must you run to generate the GRUB2 ''grub.cfg'' configuration file?**
+  * ''update-rc.d''
+  * ''init''
+  * ''grub-install''
+  * ''chkconfig''
+  * ''grub-mkconfig'' (**Solución**)
+**What program does the kernel use to start other programs?**
+  * GRUB2
+  * ''init'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''telinit''
+  * ''systemctl''
+  * BIOS
+**Which configuration file contains the SysV default runlevel?**
+  * ''/boot/grub.cfg''
+  * ''/etc/inittab'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/etc/init.d''
+  * ''/etc/grub.d''
+  * ''/etc/rc.d''
+**What runlevel is the default for Debian-based systems?**
+  * 1
+  * 0
+  * 6
+  * 2 (**Solución**)
+  * 5
+**What command would you use to change the current runlevel? (Select all that apply.)**
+  * update-rc.d
+  * ''telinit'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''init'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''chkconfig ''
+  * ''dmesg''
+**What command displays the runlevels in which a program will be started?**
+  * ''update-rc.d''
+  * ''telinit''
+  * ''dmesg''
+  * ''chkconfig'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''init''
+**What command do Debian systems use to set the runlevels for programs?**
+  * ''telinit''
+  * ''update-rc.d'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''dmesg''
+  * ''chkconfig''
+  * ''init''
+**What program allows you to fix corrupt hard drive partitions?**
+  * ''init''
+  * ''mount''
+  * ''fsck'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''umount''
+  * ''telinit''
+**Where does the firmware first look for a Linux bootloader program?**
+  * The ''/var/log'' folder
+  * The ''/boot/grub'' folder
+  * The Master Boot Record (MBR) (**Solución**)
+  * The ''/etc'' folder
+  * A boot partition
+<WRAP center round info 60%>
+The workstation firmware looks at the first sector of the first hard drive to load the boot- loader program. This is called the Master Boot Record, so option B is correct. The bootloader program itself can use the chainloader feature to look for another bootloader in a boot     partition, but the firmware can’t do that, so option D is incorrect. Option A specifies the configuration folder used to store the GRUB configuration file and the kernel image file, but the actual GRUB bootloader program can’t be stored there. Option C specifies the common log file folder, but that doesn’t contain the GRUB bootloader program. Option E also speci- fies a common Linux configuration file directory, but it’s not used to store the GRUB boot- loader program that the firmware can access.
+</WRAP>
+**Which command allows you to append a partition to the virtual directory on a running Linux system?**
+  * ''fsck''
+  * ''dmesg''
+  * ''mount'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''init''
+  * ''umount''
+**What Linux command lets you examine the most recent boot messages?**
+  * ''fsck''
+  * ''dmesg'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''init''
+  * ''mount''
+  * ''chkconfig''
+<WRAP center round info 60%>
+The kernel ring buffer, which you can view by typing ''dmesg'', contains boot messages from the kernel; thus option B is correct. The ''fsck'' program fixes corrupt partitions, and the ''mount'' program is used to attach partitions to the virtual directory, so neither of those is correct. The ''init'' program, is used to start programs from the kernel, not display boot messages, so it also is incorrect. The ''chkconfig'' program, is used to display the runlevels assigned to individual programs in the startup scripts and is not related to the boot messages, so it too is incorrect.
+</WRAP>
+**What folder do most Linux distributions use to store boot logs?**
+  * ''/proc''
+  * ''/boot''
+  * ''/var/log'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/etc''
+  * ''/var/messages''
+<WRAP center round info 60%>
+Most Linux distributions store boot log files in the ''/var/log'' folder. The ''/etc'' folder is most often used for storing system and application configuration files, not boot logs, so option D is incorrect. Some Unix systems use the ''/var/messages'' folder for storing log files, but Linux has not adopted this standard, so option E is also incorrect. The ''/boot'' folder contains the GRUB configuration files along with the image files necessary to boot the system, but it’s not where Linux stores boot logs and is thus incorrect. The ''/proc'' folder is unique in that the Linux kernel dynamically stores information about the system there, but it doesn’t store boot log information there.
+</WRAP>
+**Where does the workstation BIOS attempt to find a bootloader program? (Select all that apply.)**
+  * An internal hard drive (**Solución**)
+  * An external hard drive (**Solución**)
+  * A network server (**Solución**)
+  * A DVD drive (**Solución**)
+  * A USB memory stick  (**Solución**)
+<WRAP center round info 60%>
+The BIOS firmware can look in multiple locations for a bootloader program. Normally, it looks at the internal hard drive installed on the system; however, if none is found, it can search other places. Most workstations allow you to boot from an external hard drive or from a DVD drive. Modern workstations now also provide the option to boot from a USB memory stick inserted into a USB port on the workstation. Finally, many work- stations provide the PXE boot option, which allows the workstation to boot remotely from a network server.
+</WRAP>
+**Where is the Master Boot Record located?**
+  * The last sector of the first hard drive on the system
+  * The first sector of the first hard drive on the system (**Solución**)
+  * The first sector of the second hard drive on the system
+  * The boot partition of any hard drive on the system
+  * Any sector on any hard drive on the system
+<WRAP center round info 60%>
+The Master Boot Record (MBR) is located in only one place—on the first sector of the first hard drive on the workstation. The boot partition in any hard drive may contain a bootloader, but it is not the MBR, which is run first by the firmware; thus option D is incorrect. The other locations are not valid for the MBR, so options A, C, and E are all incorrect.
+</WRAP>
+**Where is the EFI System Partition (ESP) stored on Linux systems?**
+  * ''/boot/efi'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/boot''
+  * ''/boot/grub''
+  * ''/etc''
+  * ''/var''
+<WRAP center round info 60%>
+The ESP is stored in the ''/boot/efi'' directory on Linux systems. The UEFI firmware always looks for the ''/boot/efi'' directory for bootloader programs, so option D is correct. The ''/etc'' directory is used to store application and system configuration files, not bootloader programs, so option D is incorrect. The ''/var'' folder is used to store variable files such as log files, not bootable files, so option E is incorrect. Option C, the ''/boot/grub'' file, is used in GRUB Legacy and GRUB2 to store the bootloader configuration files, as well as the kernel image files. However, it is not used to store the bootloader files themselves, so option C is incorrect
+</WRAP>
+**What file extension do UEFI bootloader files use?**
+  * ''.uefi''
+  * ''.cfg''
+  * ''.conf''
+  * ''.lst''
+  * ''.efi'' (**Solución**)
+<WRAP center round info 60%>
+The UEFI specification doesn’t require a specific extension for UEFI bootloader files; however, it has become somewhat common in Linux to use the ''.efi'' file extension to identify them; thus option E is correct. Option B and option D specify file extensions used to identify GRUB2 (option B) and GRUB Legacy (option D) configuration files, not UEFI bootloader files, so they are both incorrect. Option D specifies the .lst file extension, which is also used for GRUB Legacy configuration files, so it too is incorrect. The ''.uefi'' file extension is not used in Linux, so option A is incorrect.
+</WRAP>
+**Which was the first bootloader program used in Linux?**
+  * GRUB Legacy
+  * SYSLINUX
+  * ISOLINUX
+  * LILO (**Solución**)
+  * GRUB2
+**Which of the following commands will allow a message to be sent to any tty terminals with write access allowed? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * ''wall'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''echo''
+  * ''mail''
+  * ''write'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''mesg''
+**To verify a tar backup immediately after it is created, you use which of the following ''tar''
+command options? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * ''-W'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''%%--%%diff'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''-d'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''%%--%%compare'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''-J''
+**Which of the following indicates a tape device that automatically rewinds? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * ''/dev/nst0''
+  * ''/dev/ht1'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/dev/nht0''
+  * ''/dev/st0'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/dev/ht1'' (**Solución**)
+**To control a magnetic tape for backups, use the program.**
+  * ''mt'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''tar''
+  * ''star''
+  * ''dd''
+  * ''rsync''
+**Which of the following rsync commands is the proper way to send a backup over the net- work to the remote host, ServerA, while having the transfer encrypted using OpenSSH?**
+  * ''rsync -av Project ServerA:∼/'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''rsync -av Project rsync:%%//%%ServerA:/''
+  * ''rsync -av ServerA Project''
+  * ''rsync -av Project /run/media/ServerA''
+  * ''rsync -av Project ServerA''
+**Which of the following are true about the dd command? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * The dd command can be used to zero-out a hard disk. (**Solución**)
+  * The dd command can be used to create a low-level copy of a hard drive. (**Solución**)
+  * The dd command is popular for daily incremental backups.
+  * The dd command can be used for managing tapes.
+  * The dd command can be safely used to back up a disk mounted at ''/''.
+**When installing a program from source code, which of the following installation files typically can provide you with additional installation information? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * ''NEWS''
+  * ''INSTALL'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''COPYING''
+  * ''RELEASE-NOTES ''
+  * ''README'' (**Solución**)
+**During the process of installing a program from source, which of the following creates or updates the Makefile with the Makefile.in file’s contents and what it finds on your system?**
+  * ''make''
+  * ''make install''
+  * ''INSTALL''
+  * ''configure'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''cp''
+**Which of the following monitoring commands allow you to view system memory information? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * ''free'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''top'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''vmstat'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''mpstat''
+  * ''mtr''
+**Which of the following will show CPU usage information 20 times in 2-second intervals?**
+  * ''sar 2 20'' (**Solución**)
+  * None of the above
+  * ''uptime 20 2''
+  * ''uptime 2 20''
+  * ''sar 20 2''
+**Which of the following are considered to be system resource-monitoring solutions? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * Duplicity
+  * MRTG (**Solución**)
+  * All of the above
+  * collectd (**Solución**)
+  * Nagios (**Solución**)
+**To shut down your system without sending a message to users, use which of the following ''/sbin/shutdown'' options**
+  * ''-k''
+  * ''-c''
+  * ''%%--%%wall''
+  * ''%%--%%no-wall'' (**Solución**)
+  * None of the above
+**Which of the following are true about Linux system memory? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * Memory for an idle process can be swapped out to swap space. (**Solución**)
+  * Swapping is the memory management scheme, where idle processes swap memory.
+  * Memory is divided into sheets.
+  * Swap can also be called virtual memory. (**Solución**)
+  * Memory-swapping statistics can be viewed using the ''psmap'' utility.
+**Your company’s legal department has decided that a login notification is needed on a  Linux system that you manage, warning that unauthorized system use is prohibited. Which method is the best one for deploying this legal notification?**
+  * Edit the ''/etc/motd'' file, and place the notification there.
+  * Edit the ''/etc/issue'' file, and place the notification there. (**Solución**)
+  * Edit the ''∼./bashrc'' file, and place the notification there.
+  * None of the above.
+  * Use the ''notify-send'' command to send the notification to users.
+**Assume that money is plentiful, and you want the fastest media to use for your company’s backups. Based on that information, which is the best backup media choice?**
+  * Optical discs
+  * SSD (**Solución**)
+  * Magnetic tapes
+  * NAS
+  * HDD
+**Your co-worker, also a system administrator, hands you an SSD and says, “This has all the files on it that were created and/or modified since the system’s last full backup.” Which of the following backup types can this backup be? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * Full
+  * Differential (**Solución**)
+  * None of the above
+  * Incremental (**Solución**)
+  * All of the above
+**Which of the following Linux directories should be included in a backup when you plan on using the backup data in full system restores? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * ''/home/'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/run/''
+  * All of the above
+  * ''/bin/'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/tmp/''
+**Which of the following software packages are GUI and/or web-based backup solutions? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * connectd
+  * Amanda (**Solución**)
+  * Bacula (**Solución**)
+  * Duplicity (**Solución**)
+  * Nagios
+**Which of the following ''tar'' command options would employ gzip compression for creating a backup tarball? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * ''g''
+  * ''-g''
+  * ''%%--%%gzip'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''z'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''-z'' (**Solución**)
+**When using the ''tar'' command for an incremental backup, a snapshot file is created. This snapshot file should have which of the following file extensions as part of its name?**
+  * ''.snar'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''.snap''
+  * ''.tar.snap''
+  * ''.tar''
+  * ''.tgz''
+**Which part of a Linux system manages system memory?**
+  * Kernel (**Solución**)
+  * Application software
+  * GNU utilities
+  * Graphical desktop
+**Which program should you use to create an initial RAM disk for a Debian-based system?**
+  * ''make initrd''
+  * ''mkinitramfs'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''make bzImage''
+  * ''mkinitrd''
+**Which command should you use to list all of the installed modules?**
+  * ''rmmod''
+  * ''lsmod'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''insmod''
+  * ''modinfo''
+**Which command should you use to install a module if you don’t know its filename?**
+  * ''modprobe'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''insmod''
+  * ''rmmod''
+  * ''lsmod''
+**Which command should you use to display information about USB devices installed on the system?**
+  * ''lsusb'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''lsdev''
+  * ''lsmod''
+  * ''lspci''
+**Which option in the lsusb command displays detailed information about the USB devices?**
+  * ''–t''
+  * ''–d''
+  * ''–v'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''–s''
+**Which type of hardware devices can you connect to the Linux system as it’s running?**
+  * Coldplug
+  * PCIe
+  * Hotplug (**Solución**)
+  * PCI
+**What program does Linux use to detect hotplug devices and load the appropriate modules?**
+  * ''lsusb''
+  * ''udevd'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''modprobe''
+  * ''insmod''
+**Where are the udevd configuration settings stored?**
+  * ''/etc/udev/udev.conf'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/lib/modules''
+  * ''/etc/udev/rules.d''
+  * ''/boot''
+**Where are the udevd rules stored?**
+  * ''/boot''
+  * ''/etc/udev/rules.d'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/etc/udev/udevd.conf''
+  * ''/lib/modules''
+**Where is the dynamic pseudo-directory the kernel creates to peek at kernel settings and perormance statistics located?**
+  * ''/usr/src/linux''
+  * ''/proc'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/boot/kernel''
+  * ''/etc/kernel''
+**What is the area on the hard disk called that is used as memory storage?**
+  * Physical memory
+  * Swap space (**Solución**)
+  * Filesystem
+  * Virtual memory
+**What command allows you to change kernel settings during runtime?**
+  * ''sysctl'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''lsmod''
+  * ''modprobe''
+  * ''lsdev''
+**What method does Linux use to load device drivers into the kernel?**
+  * Virtual memory
+  * DLL files
+  * Modules (**Solución**)
+  * Bootloader
+**Which kernel file type is used to boot the Linux system?**
+  * Modules
+  * Patch file
+  * Source code
+  * Binary file (**Solución**)
+**What type of release can you use to upgrade an existing kernel to a newer version?**
+  * Patch release (**Solución**)
+  * Binary files
+  * Modules
+  * Development release
+**Which make utility target uses text-based questions to configure the kernel?**
+  * ''config'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''xconfig''
+  * ''clean''
+  * ''mrproper''
+**Which make utility target uses a graphical interface to configure the kernel?**
+  * ''config''
+  * ''mrproper''
+  * ''gconfig'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''clean''
+**Which make utility target should you use to remove any old object files from a previous compile?**
+  *'' bzImage''
+  * ''mrproper'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''gconfig''
+  * ''oldconfig''
+**Which make utility target is commonly used to generate a compressed kernel binary file?**
+  * ''kernel''
+  * ''clean''
+  * ''config''
+  * ''bzImage ''
+**Assuming that you have or can obtain super user privileges, which of the following commands would allow you to make an ext2 filesystem on the /dev/sdd2 partition? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * ''mkfs -t extended2 /dev/sdd2''
+  * ''mkfs -t ext2 /dev/sdd2'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''mke2fs /dev/sdd2''
+  * ''mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdd2'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''mke2fs.ext2 /dev/sdd2'' (**Solución**)
+**Which command should be used to create an ISO? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * ''mount -t iso9660''
+  * ''mkfs -t iso''
+  * ''cdrecord''
+  * ''mkfs''
+  * ''mkisofs'' (**Solución**)
+**You’ve just created a new disk partition, /dev/sde3, and want to prepare it as swap space. Which command do you use? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * ''swapon -s''
+  * ''mkfs -t swapon /dev/sde3''
+  * ''mkswap /dev/sde3'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''swapoff /dev/sde3''
+  * ''swapon /dev/sde3''
+**Which of the following map types can be found in the /etc/auto.master file? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * Road
+  * Indirect (**Solución**)
+  * Direct (**Solución**)
+  * Built-in (**Solución**)
+  * SMART
+**You want to change the AutoFS service’s master map to a different configuration file than the /etc/auto.master file. Which configuration file might you edit to accomplish this, depending on your distribution? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * ''/etc/auto.direct''
+  * ''/etc/auto.direct''
+  * ''/etc/sysconfig/autofs'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/etc/autofs.net''
+  * ''/etc/auto.tmp''
+**Which of the following encrypted filesystems is a layered filesystem? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * dm-crypt
+  * eCryptfs (**Solución**)
+  * LUKS
+  * XFS
+  * Btrfs
+**Which of the following is not a utility for adjusting the ext2, ext3, and ext4 filesystems? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * ''e2label''
+  * ''uuidgen'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''tune2fs''
+  * ''resize2fs''
+  * ''debugfs''
+**You have generated a new UUID and want to assign it to an unmounted ext4 filesystem. Which utility do you use? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * ''tune2fs'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''debugfs''
+  * ''e2label''
+  * ''resize2fs''
+  * ''blkid''
+**You have super user privileges, and you type the command ''fsck.xfs'' to run a filesystem check on an XFS filesystem. What will happen? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * You corrupt the filesystem, because you did not unmount it first.
+  * No information is displayed, but if errors are found, you are asked if you would like to attempt a repair.
+  * You only receive a report on filesystem health, and if errors are found, you are asked if you would like to attempt a repair.
+  * Nothing. (**Solución**)
+  * You only receive a report on filesystem health.
+**You have a Btrfs filesystem that has performed well for a long time. However, for some reason, it has suffered a catastrophic problem and you need to restore files. Which utility should you use? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * ''btrfs check''
+  * ''btrfs restore'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''btrfs scrub''
+  * ''btrfs rescue''
+  * ''btrfs get property''
+**Which of the following commands checks for inconsistencies but does not conduct any repairs for an XFS filesystem? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * ''xfsdump''
+  * ''xfsrestore''
+  * ''xfs_check'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''xfs_info''
+  * ''xfs_metadump''
+**Which one of the following files contains a list of all of the filesystems your system supports?**
+  * ''/proc/mounts''
+  * ''/proc/swaps''
+  * ''/proc/filesystems'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/etc/mtab''
+  * ''/proc/cpuinfo''
+**ou have a disk drive partition /dev/sdc3 that supports SMART and has it enabled. Assum- ing that you have super user privileges, which command will show you a quick summary status, including whether or not it has passed the overall health self-assessment test? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * ''smartctl -a /dev/sdc3''
+  * ''smartctl -i /dev/sdc3''
+  * ''smartctl -H /dev/sdc3'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''smartctl -t short /dev/sdc3''
+  * ''smartctl -t long /dev/sdc3''
+**Assuming that you have (or have access to) super user privileges to temporarily attach a formatted filesystem to the Linux virtual directory structure, which of the following should you do? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * Run the ''e2label'' utility on the filesystem.
+  * Add an entry for this filesystem in the ''/etc/fstab'' configuration file.
+  * Use the ''mount'' command with the proper options and parameters. (**Solución**)
+  * Nothing. The AutoFS service will automatically attach it.
+  * Issue the ''mkfs'' command, using super user privileges, on the filesystem.
+**The number c344d0f9–6d54–4a92-ad4d-c5a44fac2eeb identifies a filesystem that needs to be temporarily mounted. Which option for the needed command should you choose? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * ''-o''
+  * ''-U'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''-a''
+  * ''-n''
+  * ''-L''
+**Which command should be used to force filesystems to write metadata residing in memory to the filesystem media structures? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * ''lsof''
+  * ''sync'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''fuser''
+  * ''dmesg''
+  * ''unmount''
+**Each entry in the /etc/fstab has several required fields. Which of the following could describe one of the fields? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * cpio backup option
+  * AutoFS identifier
+  * Mount point (**Solución**)
+  * Filesystem check priority (**Solución**)
+  * Filesystem type (**Solución**)
+**You need to determine a filesystem’s UUID. Which utility can help you do this? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * ''e2label''
+  * ''findmnt''
+  * ''mount''
+  * ''blkid'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''findfs''
+**Using a Btrfs filesystem, which RAID configurations can be implemented? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * RAID 5
+  * RAID 10 (**Solución**)
+  * RAID 6
+  * RAID 1 (**Solución**)
+  * RAID 0 (**Solución**)
+**Which of the following are considered extensions of the ISO9660 standard? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * UDF
+  * btrfs
+  * El Torito (**Solución**)
+  * Joliet (**Solución**)
+  * Rock Ridge (**Solución**)
+**Which of the following RAID array structures are considered fault tolerant? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * RAID 6 (**Solución**)
+  * RAID 0
+  * RAID 10 (**Solución**)
+  * RAID 1 (**Solución**)
+  * RAID 5 (**Solución**)
+**Which of the following ''sdparm'' command options will show all of the common mode parameters for a designated device? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * None of the above (**Solución**)
+  * ''%%--%%page''
+  * ''%%--%%hex''
+  * ''%%--%%all''
+  * ''%%--%%command show''
+**What number designates both an iSCSI target server and an iSCSI disk being offered by that target? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * scsi_id
+  * LUN
+  * IQN (**Solución**)
+  * WWN
+  * WWID
+**Where are iSCSI discovery records stored? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * ''/var/lib/iscsi/send_targets'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/var/log/iscsi.conf''
+  * ''/lib/udev/scsi_id''
+  * ''/var/lib/iscsi/nodes'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf''
+**Which of the following allows multiple partitions or whole disks to be grouped together and used as a single drive? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * PATA
+  * iSCSI
+  * Storage fabric
+  * Logical volume management (**Solución**)
+  * RAID (**Solución**)
+**Which is a designated unused disk partition or drive that can be used by LVM? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * VG
+  * Backstore
+  * PV (**Solución**)
+  * SATA
+  * LV
+**Which of the following is not true concerning PEs? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * A PE is the smallest block size that can be allocated on a PV.
+  * The default PE block size is 4 MiB.
+  * PE block size is set during the process of designating a PV. (**Solución**)
+  * A PE block size setting can be chosen.
+  * PE stands for “physical extent.”
+**Which of the following is true concerning LEs? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * LEs are made up of LVs.
+  * LE mapping provides a way to block data access.
+  * LE mappings occur during PV designation.
+  * None of the above.
+  * LEs are mapped to VG physical extents. (**Solución**)
+**Which of the following LVM utilities will designate a partition as a PV? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * ''pvscan''
+  * ''vgcreate''
+  * ''pvdisplay''
+  * ''lvcreate''
+  * ''pvcreate'' (**Solución**)
+**You’ve just finished creating vg01. What utility would be the best one to check it? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * ''lvdisplay''
+  * ''vgcreate''
+  * ''pvdisplay''
+  * ''vgdisplay'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''pvscan''
+**Which of the following are true about LV snapshots? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * LV snapshots can be mounted to the directory. (**Solución**)
+  * LV snapshots contain copies of the original LV data.
+  * LV snapshots are created using the vgcreate command.
+  * LV snapshots are LVs themselves. (**Solución**)
+  * LV snapshots are read-only.
+**Which one of the following RAID structures is also called disk striping with double parity? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * RAID 10
+  * RAID 0
+  * RAID 1
+  * RAID 6 (**Solución**)
+  * RAID 5
+**To rename an LV, which utility should you use? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * ''lvremove''
+  * ''lvrename'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''lvconvert''
+  * ''lvmchange''
+  * ''lvs''
+**After you issue the modprobe raid6 command using super user privileges on your system, which file should you check to determine if software RAID is supported on your system? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * ''/etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf''
+  * ''/dev/md0''
+  * ''/etc/fstab''
+  * ''/proc/mdstat'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/dev/mapper''
+**Which of the following is not an mdadm command mode? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * Grow mode
+  * ''%%--%%manage''
+  * Delete mode (**Solución**)
+  * Miscellaneous mode
+  * ''%%--%%follow''
+**Which of the following mdadm command options chooses the mode to make a RAID array? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * ''%%--%%grow''
+  * ''%%--%%make''
+  * ''-C'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''-F''
+  * ''%%--%%misc''
+**Current RAID array status is held in what file? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * ''/etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf''
+  * ''/proc/mdstat'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/etc/mdadm.conf''
+  * ''/etc/fstab''
+  * ''/etc/sysctl.conf''
+**Which of the following mdadm options would show in the RAID array in which the /dev/sdc1 drive has membership? (Choose the best answer.)**
+  * None of the above
+  * ''%%--%%misc --examine /dev/sdc1'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''%%--%%misc --detail /dev/md0''
+  * ''%%--%%monitor –-help''
+  * ''%%--%%detail --scan /dev/md0''
+**To delete an unmounted RAID array, you must do which of the following? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  *  Delete RAID array drives’ superblocks. (**Solución**)
+  * Shrink the RAID array.
+  * Delete RAID array drives’ data and superblocks.
+  * Monitor the RAID array
+  * Stop the RAID array. (**Solución**)
+**On which of the following drive types can the ''hdparm'' utility be used? (Choose all that apply.)**
+  * ATAPI
+  * PATA
+  * SCSI
+  * All of the above (**Solución**)
+  * SATA
+**Which network layer uses the Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) encryption?**
+  * Transport
+  * Physical (**Solución**)
+  * Network
+  * Application
+**Which transport layer protocol guarantees packet delivery?**
+  * DNS
+  * UDP
+  * ICMP
+  * TCP (**Solución**)
+  * DHCP
+**Which ''nc'' command format listens for incoming HTTP connections to simulate a web server?**
+  * ''nc –l 80'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''nc 192.168.1.77 80''
+  * ''nc –l 22''
+  * ''nc 192.168.1.77''
+  * ''nc 80 192.168.1.77''
+**What folder do Red Hat–based systems use to store network configuration files?**
+  * ''/etc/network''
+  * ''/etc/ifconfig''
+  * ''/etc/iwconfig''
+  * ''/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/etc/ifcfg-eth0''
+**Which configuration line sets a dynamic IP address for a Debian system?**
+  * ''iface eth0 inet static''
+  * ''auto eth0''
+  * ''iface eth0 inet6 auto''
+  * ''BOOTPROTO=dynamic''
+  * ''iface eth0 inet dhcp'' (**Solución**)
+**Which file contains a list of DNS servers that the Linux system can use to resolve hostnames?**
+  * ''/etc/inetd.conf''
+  * ''/etc/resolv.conf'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''/etc/host.deny''
+  * ''/etc/hosts.allow''
+  * ''/etc/network/interfaces''
+**Which ''ifconfig'' format correctly assigns an IP address and netmask to the eth0 interface?**
+  * ''ifconfig up 192.168.1.50 netmask 255.255.255.0''
+  * ''ifconfig down''
+  * ''ifconfig eth0 down 192.168.1.50 netmask 255.255.255.0'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''ifconfig up''
+  * ''ifconfig eth0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.50''
+**What command displays all of the available wireless networks in your area?**
+  * ''ip''
+  * ''arp''
+  * ''ifconfig''
+  * ''iwconfig''
+  * ''iwlist'' (**Solución**)
+**What option sets the wireless access point name in the ''iwconfig'' command?**
+  * ''channel''
+  * ''address''
+  * ''essid'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''key''
+  * ''netmask''
+**What command can you use both to display and to set the IP address, netmask, and default router values?**
+  * ''ifup''
+  * ''iwconfig''
+  * ''router''
+  * ''ip'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''ifconfig''
+**What tool allows you to send ICMP messages to a remote host to test network connectivity?**
+  * ''nmap''
+  * ''netstat''
+  * ''ping'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''tcpdump''
+  * ''nc''
+**What network layer feature defines the network to which the system is connected?**
+  * Hostname
+  * DNS server
+  * Netmask (**Solución**)
+  * Default router
+  * IP address
+**Which command allows you to view network packets?**
+  * ''tcpdump'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''ping''
+  * ''nc''
+  * ''dig''
+  * ''netstat''
+**Which of the following is a correct netmask value?**
+  * 192.168.1.0
+  * 255.255.0.255
+  * 192.168.0.1
+  * 0.255.255.255
+  * 255.255.255.0 (**Solución**)
+**What two parts make up an IP address?**
+  * Netmask and router
+  * Network address and host address (**Solución**)
+  * Host address and hostname
+  * Netmask and host address
+  * Host address and router
+**How many bits are used in an IPv6 address?**
+  * 32
+  * 128 (**Solución**)
+  * 8
+  * 64
+  * 256
+**What network setting defines the network device that routes packets intended for hosts on remote networks?**
+  * DNS server
+  * Default router (**Solución**)
+  * IP address
+  * Hostname
+  * Netmask
+**What device setting defines a host that maps a hostname to an IP address?**
+  * Netmask
+  * DNS server (**Solución**)
+  * Default router
+  * IP address
+  * Hostname
+**What is used to assign an IP address automatically to a client?**
+  * Default router
+  * ifconfig
+  * DHCP (**Solución**)
+  * Netmask
+  * ARP table
+**What type of address is used so that local applications can use network protocols to communicate with each other?**
+  * Loopback address (**Solución**)
+  * Hostname
+  * MAC address
+  * Dynamic address
+  * Static address
+**¿Con el comando sar, mostrar opciones de cpu?**
+  * ''sar -c''
+  * ''sar -cpu''
+  * ''sar -u'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''sar -b''
+**Qué comando visualiza los procesos del usuario apache y mysql con el comando ps?**
+  * ''ps -u apache,mysql'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''ps -user apache,mysql''
+  * Ninguna de las anteriores
+  * ''Ps -admin apache''
+**¿Que opción del comando vmstat muestra las estadísticas de memoria?**
+  * ''vmstat –n''
+  * ''vmstat -t''
+  * ''vmstat -s'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''vmtst  -n''
+**¿ El parametro ''-t'' del comando ''lvextend'' permite?**
+  * Aplicara el comando Ivextend con -t
+  * Comprobar que hara el comando lvexted pero no no aplica (**Solución**)
+  * Ninguna de las anteriores
+  * Aplicarar el comando lvexted
+**¿Cuál es el tipo de partición Linux estándar?**
+  * 82
+  * 83 (**Solución**)
+  * fd
+  * 8e
+**¿Qué comando cambia la prioridad en un proceso de Linux ya en ejecución?**
+  * ''nice''
+  * ''renice'' (**Solución**)
+  * Ninguna de las anteriores
+  * ''nice - 1''
+**¿Qué comandos de Linux se pueden utilizar para reparar un apagado incorrecto, o para reparar particiones corruptas después de un mal apagado?**
+  * ''scandisk''
+  * ''dsk -h''
+  * ''fsck'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''rdisk''
+**¿Qué comando permite redimensionar sistemas de archivos xfs?**
+  * ''xfs_repair''
+  * ''xfs_fs''
+  * ''xfss_ss''
+  * ''xfs_growfs'' (**Solución**)
+**¿Cuál de los siguientes comandos crea un raid1 en linux?**
+  * ''mdadm -d -C /dev/md0 -n 2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 ''
+  * ''mdadm -v -C /dev/md0 -n 2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 -l 1'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''mdadm -v -C /dev/md0 -n 2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 ''
+  * ''mdadm -v  /dev/md0 -n 2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 -l 1''
+**¿Qué comando permite reinstalar el grub?**
+  * ''grub /dev/sda''
+  * ''grub /dev/sda2''
+  * ''grub-install /dev/sda'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''grub-install2 /dev/sda''
+**¿Qué comando permite activar swap en caliente para el archivo /swap?**
+  * ''swaponn /swap''
+  * ''swa-on /swap''
+  * ''swapon /swap'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''swa-pon /swap''
+**¿Con el comando sar, mostrar todas las estadísticas?**
+  * ''sar -n''
+  * ''sar -h''
+  * ''sar -a''
+  * ''sar -A'' (**Solución**)
+**¿Cuál de estas variables devuelve el valor del PID del Shell actual?**
+  * ''echo $$'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''echo  S!''
+  * ''echo $? ''
+  * ''echo &&''
+**¿Qué comando permite instalar el paquete webmin.rpm?**
+  * ''rpm - ed''
+  * ''rpm - e''
+  * ''rpm -i'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''rpm - v''
+**¿ Eliminar el paquete traceroute.deb y todas sus dependencias con dpkg?**
+  * ''dpkg -s''
+  * ''dpkg -P'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''dpkg -i''
+  * Ninguna de las anteriores.
+<WRAP center round info 60%>
+La opción ''-P'' equivale a //%%--%%purge//, es decir, elimina todo incluidos los ficheros de configuración.
+</WRAP>
+**¿ Comando sar mostrar estadísticas de red?**
+  * ''sar -c''
+  * ''sar -n'' (**Solución**)
+  * ''sart -ct''
+  * ''sar -v''
+**¿ Que comando muestra el mapa de la memoria de un proceso?**
+  * ''ps -ef''
+  * ''job''
+  * ''pt-t''
+  * ''pmap'' (**Solución**)
+**¿ Que hace el comando ''partprobe''?**
+  * Sincroniza los datos del disco duro
+  * Sincroniza la tabla de particiones (**Solución**)
+  * Particiona los discos duros
+  * No sincroniza.
+**¿ El usuario operador puede cambiar la prioridad a -5  al proceso 1092?**
+  * Si, si la maquina virtual es de Linux
+  * No, solo si utilizo sudo
+  * No, solamente lo puede realizar el usuario root (**Solución**)
+  * si