informatica:certificaciones:lpic:lpic-2:205_network_configuration:205.3
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| Ambos lados, revisión anteriorRevisión previaPróxima revisión | Revisión previa | ||
| informatica:certificaciones:lpic:lpic-2:205_network_configuration:205.3 [2021/04/08 12:31] – [/etc/hosts] tempwin | informatica:certificaciones:lpic:lpic-2:205_network_configuration:205.3 [2021/06/22 13:42] (actual) – tempwin | ||
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| Línea 159: | Línea 159: | ||
| ==== host ==== | ==== host ==== | ||
| - | Herramienta que nos permite hacer consultas al servidor DNS de la red | + | Herramienta que nos permite hacer consultas al servidor DNS de la red: |
| + | |||
| + | <code bash> | ||
| + | host google.es | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | google.es has address 216.58.211.227 | ||
| + | google.es has IPv6 address 2a00: | ||
| + | google.es mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com. | ||
| + | google.es mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com. | ||
| + | google.es mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com. | ||
| + | google.es mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com. | ||
| + | google.es mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com. | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== dig ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Herramienta que nos permite hacer consultas al servidor DNS de la red, obteniendo información mucho más detallada que '' | ||
| + | |||
| + | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
| + | El programa '' | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | <code bash> | ||
| + | dig google.es | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | |||
| + | ; <<>> | ||
| + | ;; global options: +cmd | ||
| + | ;; Got answer: | ||
| + | ;; ->> | ||
| + | ;; flags: qr rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 | ||
| + | ;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available | ||
| + | |||
| + | ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: | ||
| + | ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096 | ||
| + | ; COOKIE: b1a8a025bbd00c57 (echoed) | ||
| + | ;; QUESTION SECTION: | ||
| + | ; | ||
| + | |||
| + | ;; Query time: 15 msec | ||
| + | ;; SERVER: 10.0.2.3# | ||
| + | ;; WHEN: Thu Apr 08 12:35:01 CEST 2021 | ||
| + | ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 50 | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | Podemos hacer consultas al servidor DNS pidiendo ciertos tipos de entradas. Por ejemplo, servidores de correo: | ||
| + | |||
| + | <code bash> | ||
| + | dig MX google.es | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | Si queremos que nos dé la información principal: | ||
| + | |||
| + | <code bash> | ||
| + | dig ANY google.es | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== TCP wrappers ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Permite el bloqueo de determinados servicios a través de la red. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Utiliza la librería '' | ||
| + | |||
| + | Los ficheros de configuración son: | ||
| + | |||
| + | * ''/ | ||
| + | * ''/ | ||
| + | |||
| + | Durante la comprobación de reglas **primero** se verifica el ''/ | ||
| + | |||
| + | '' | ||
| + | |||
| + | Si en una máquina añadimos hosts al fichero ''/ | ||
| + | |||
| + | Formato de los ficheros: | ||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | servicio: clientes | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | * **servicio**: | ||
| + | * **clientes**: | ||
| + | |||
| + | Ejemplo ''/ | ||
| < | < | ||
| - | host factorhumanoformacion.com | ||
| - | dig: herramienta que nos permite hacer consultas al | ||
| - | servidor DNS de la red , obteniendo información muchos | ||
| - | más detallada | ||
| - | dig factorhumanoformacion.com | ||
| - | 205.3 Solución de Problemas de Red (4) | ||
| - | TCP WRAPPERS | ||
| - | • Permite el bloqueo de determinados servicios a través | ||
| - | de la red | ||
| - | • Utiliza la librería libwrap. | ||
| - | • Los ficheros de configuración son: | ||
| - | / | ||
| - | / | ||
| - | •Durante la comprobación de reglas primero se verifica el | ||
| - | / | ||
| - | • tcpd: demonio que lee los ficheros de configuración. | ||
| - | 205.3 Solución de Problemas de Red (4) | ||
| - | TCP WRAPPERS | ||
| - | Formato: servicio: clientes | ||
| - | servicio: servicio a comprobar (ALL para todos) | ||
| - | clientes: clientes autorizados o prohibidos. | ||
| - | ALL: Todos los hosts. | ||
| - | LOCAL: Todos los host de la red local. | ||
| - | UNKNOWN: Host con nombre sin resolver. | ||
| - | KNOWN: Host con nombre conocido. | ||
| - | EXCEPT: Permite la exclusion de hosts. | ||
| - | 205.3 Solución de Problemas de Red (4) | ||
| - | TCP WRAPPERS | ||
| - | / | ||
| vsftpd: 192.168.2.5 | vsftpd: 192.168.2.5 | ||
| telnet: ALL | telnet: ALL | ||
| - | / | + | </ |
| + | |||
| + | Quiere decir que al servicio '' | ||
| + | |||
| + | Ejemplo '' | ||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| ALL: .baddomain.org EXCEPT trusted.baddomain.org | ALL: .baddomain.org EXCEPT trusted.baddomain.org | ||
| - | 205.3 Solución | + | </ |
| - | PREGUNTA DE EXAMEN: | + | |
| - | A DNS server has the IP address 192.168.0.1. Which TWO of the | + | Quiere decir que los hosts que pertenzcan a '' |
| - | following need to be done on a client machine to use this DNS | + | |
| - | server? | + | * '' |
| - | A. Add nameserver 192.168.0.1 to / | + | * '' |
| - | B. Run route add nameserver 192.168.0.1 | + | * '' |
| - | C. Run ifconfig eth0 nameserver 192.168.0.1 | + | * '' |
| - | D. Ensure that the dns service is listed in the hosts entry | + | * '' |
| - | in the / | + | ===== Tests ===== |
| - | E. Run bind add nameserver 192.168.0.1 | + | |
| - | 205.3 Solución de Problemas de Red (4) | + | **A DNS server has the IP address 192.168.0.1. Which TWO of the following need to be done on a client machine to use this DNS server?** |
| - | PREGUNTA DE EXAMEN: | + | |
| - | Considering the following kernel IP routing table now, which of the following | + | * Add '' |
| - | commands must be remove the route to the network 10.10.1.0/ | + | |
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | | ||
| + | |||
| + | En el fichero ''/ | ||
| + | |||
| + | **Considering the following kernel IP routing table now, which of the following commands must be remove the route to the network 10.10.1.0/ | ||
| + | < | ||
| Kernel IP routing table | Kernel IP routing table | ||
| - | Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface | + | Destination |
| - | 200.207.199.162 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0 | + | 200.207.199.162 |
| - | 172.16.87.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 | + | 172.16.87.0 |
| - | 192.168.246.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 | + | 192.168.246.0 |
| - | 10.10.1.0 192.168.246.11 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 | + | 10.10.1.0 |
| - | 127.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo | + | 127.0.0.0 |
| - | 0.0.0.0 200.207.199.162 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ppp0 | + | 0.0.0.0 |
| - | A.route del 10.10.1.0 | + | |
| - | B.route del 10.10.1.0/ | + | |
| - | C.route del -net 10.10.1.0/ | + | |
| - | D.route del 10.10.1.0/ | + | |
| - | E.route del -net 10.10.1.0 | + | |
| </ | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | * '' | ||
| + | * '' | ||
| + | * '' | ||
| + | * '' | ||
| + | * '' | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
informatica/certificaciones/lpic/lpic-2/205_network_configuration/205.3.1617877868.txt.gz · Última modificación: por tempwin
