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====== Topic 208: Web Services ======

Perteneciente a [[informatica:certificaciones:lpic:lpic-2|LPIC-2]]

Deberás poder instalar y configurar un servidor web. Configurar un servidor web para proporcionar HTTPS e instalar y configurar un servidor proxy, incluidas las políticas de acceso, la autenticación y el uso de recursos. Por último, deberás poder instalar y configurar un servidor proxy inverso, Nginx. Se incluye la configuración básica de Nginx como servidor HTTP.

Módulos:

  * [[informatica:certificaciones:lpic:lpic-2:208_web_services:208.1_implementing_a_web_server|208.1 Implementing a web server]] (4)
  * [[informatica:certificaciones:lpic:lpic-2:208_web_services:208.2_apache_configuration_for_https|208.2 Apache configuration for HTTPS]] (3)
  * [[informatica:certificaciones:lpic:lpic-2:208_web_services:208.3_implementing_a_proxy_server|208.3 Implementing a proxy server]] (2)
  * [[informatica:certificaciones:lpic:lpic-2:208_web_services:208.4_implementing_nginx_as_a_web_server_and_a_reverse_proxy|208.4 Implementing Nginx as a web server and a reverse proxy]] (2)

===== Recomendaciones =====

De cara al examen, habría que tener claro:

  * Configuración un servidor Apache básico.
  * Conocer las principales directivas de Apache.
  * Configuración hosts virtuales.
  * Configuración la autentificación de usuarios.
  * Conocer los conceptos de certificados digitales.
  * Configurar un sitio web seguro con SSL.
  * Configuración básica del servidor proxy squid.
  * Configuración un servidor web Nginx.
  * Configuración un proxy reverso con Nginx.


===== Tests =====

**There is a restricted area in an Apache site, which requires users to authenticate against the file /srv/www/security/site-passwd. Which command is used to CHANGE the password of existing users, without losing data, when Basic authentication is being used.**

  * ''htpasswd -c /srv/www/security/site-passwd user''
  * ''htpasswd /srv/www/security/site-passwd user''  (**Solución**)
  * ''htpasswd -n /srv/www/security/site-passwd user''
  * ''htpasswd -D /srv/www/security/site-passwd user''
  * None of the above.

Con la primera opción estaríamos creando el fichero de nuevo, cargándonos el existente.

**When Apache is configured to use name-based virtual hosts:**

  * it's also necessary to configure a different IP address for each virtual host.
  * The Listen directive is ignored by the server.
  * it starts multiple daemons (one for each virtual host).
  * it's also necessary to create a VirtualHost block for the main host. (**Solución**)
  * only the directives ServerName and DocumentRoot may be used inside a block

**Which of the following lines in the Apache configuration file would allow only clients with a valid certificate to access the website?**

  * SSLCA conf/ca.crt
  * AuthType ssl
  * IfModule libexec/ssl.c
  * SSLRequire
  * SSLVerifyClient require (**Solución**)

**In which Apache context should SSL support be activated?**

  * In a VirtualHost directive (**Solución**)
  * In a Location directive
  * In a Directory directive which is set to /
  * In a SSLHost directive

**Which of the following is recommended to reduce Squid's consumption of disk resources?**

  * Disable the use of access lists.
  * Reduce the size of cache_dir in the configuration file. (**Solución**)
  * Rotate log files regularly.
  * Disable logging of fully qualified domain names.
  * Reduce the number of child processes to be started in the configuration file.

**Which ACL type in Squid's configuration file is used for authentication purposes?**

  * proxyAuth
  * proxy_auth (**Solución**)
  * proxy_passwd
  * Auth
  * auth_required


**When trying to reverse proxy a web server through Nginx, what keyword is missing from the following configuration sample?**

<code nginx>
location / {
__________ http://proxiedserver:8080;
}
</code>

  * ''remote_proxy''
  * ''reverse_proxy''
  * ''proxy_reverse''
  * ''proxy_pass'' (**Solución**)

**With Nginx, which of the following directives is used to proxy requests to a FastCGI application?**

  * ''fastcgi_pass'' (**Solución**)
  * ''fastcgi_proxy''
  * ''proxy_fastcgi''
  * ''proxy_fastcgi_pass''

**Name the two kinds of virtual hosts that can be configured in Apache.**

  * name-based, ip-based (**Solución**) 
  * public, private
  * None of the above
  * internal, external

**The command 'htpasswd -c /etc/httpd/passswd user' would:**

  * Copy the ''/etc/passwd'' file to ''/etc/httpd/passwd'' and add the ''user'' account to it
  * None of the above
  * Create a new password file in ''/etc/httpd'' and prompt for a password for the ''user'' account to add to it (**Solución**)
  * Remove the ''user'' account for the password file at ''/etc/httpd/passwd''

**Which of the following directories is the default site content directory (initial installation configuration)?**

  * ''/var/www/html'' (**Solución**)
  * ''/var/www''
  * ''/var/html''
  * ''/usr/share/html''

**The 'mod_ssl' module provides the ability for you to generate an SSL certificate for use within your website**

  * Verdadero
  * Falso (**Solución**)

**When installing the Apache web server, the primary configuration file can be called either 'httpd.conf' or 'apache2.conf' depending on the distribution type and version.**

  * Verdadero (**Solución**)
  * Falso