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====== S.M.A.R.T. ======

//Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology// es un sistema de monitorización incluido en discos duros y SSD. Su principal función es detectar e generar informes sobre la salud / fiabilidad del disco con la intención de anticiparse a fallos de hardware inminentes.

Si un disco comienza a fallar, las siguientes estadísticas de SMART irán en aumento:

  * **SMART 5 – Reallocated_Sector_Count**: representa el número de sectores encontrados como erróneos y que han sido apuntados a una zona especial del disco. Los discos nuevos tienen un valor de 0. Si este número aumenta constantemente con el tiempo, el futuro fallo del disco es inminente.
  * **SMART 187 – Reported_Uncorrectable_Errors**.
  * **SMART 188 – Command_Timeout**.
  * **SMART 197 – Current_Pending_Sector_Count**: número de sectores inestables (no quiere decir que estén defectuosos), puede indicar problemas de hardware según siga creciendo el número
  * **SMART 198 – Offline_Uncorrectable**.
    
===== Ejemplo =====

<code>
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAGS    VALUE WORST THRESH FAIL RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     POSR-K   200   200   051    -    25
  3 Spin_Up_Time            POS--K   178   177   021    -    6083
  4 Start_Stop_Count        -O--CK   100   100   000    -    283
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   PO--CK   200   200   140    -    0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         -OSR-K   100   253   000    -    0
  9 Power_On_Hours          -O--CK   031   031   000    -    50733
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        -O--CK   100   100   000    -    0
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count -O--CK   100   100   000    -    0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       -O--CK   100   100   000    -    283
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count -O--CK   200   200   000    -    96
193 Load_Cycle_Count        -O--CK   192   192   000    -    26689
194 Temperature_Celsius     -O---K   122   110   000    -    28
196 Reallocated_Event_Count -O--CK   200   200   000    -    0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  -O--CK   200   200   000    -    7
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   ----CK   100   253   000    -    0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    -O--CK   200   200   000    -    0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   ---R--   100   253   000    -    0
                            ||||||_ K auto-keep
                            |||||__ C event count
                            ||||___ R error rate
                            |||____ S speed/performance
                            ||_____ O updated online
                            |______ P prefailure warning
</code>    

===== Herramientas =====

En Linux, el paquete ''smartmontools'' ofrece herramientas para controlar y monitorizar dispositivos S.M.A.R.T.

==== Comprobar si está activo SMART ====

Si instalamos el paquete ''smartmontools'', tendremos disponible el comando ''smartctl'' con el que podremos hacer todo tipo de consultas SMART.

Por ejemplo, para obtener información sobre el disco y saber si soporta SMART y está activo:

<code>
smartctl /dev/sda
</code>

Ejemplo de salida:

<code>
sudo smartctl -i /dev/sda
smartctl 7.3 2022-02-28 r5338 [x86_64-linux-6.1.12-arch1-1] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-22, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Samsung based SSDs
Device Model:     Samsung SSD 860 EVO 1TB
Serial Number:    S4CSNF0MA00815A
LU WWN Device Id: 5 002538 e49a08082
Firmware Version: RVT03B6Q
User Capacity:    1.000.204.886.016 bytes [1,00 TB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate:    Solid State Device
Form Factor:      2.5 inches
TRIM Command:     Available, deterministic, zeroed
Device is:        In smartctl database 7.3/5319
ATA Version is:   ACS-4 T13/BSR INCITS 529 revision 5
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Sat Feb 25 16:19:36 2023 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
</code>

Las últimas dos líneas nos indican si el dispositivo soporta SMART y si está activo.

Si apareciese //SMART support is: Disabled//, podríamos activarlo con:

<code>
smartctl -s on /dev/sda
</code>

==== Revisar estado SMART ====

<code>
smartctl -a /dev/sda
</code>

Ejemplo de salida:

<code>
smartctl 7.3 2022-02-28 r5338 [x86_64-linux-6.1.12-arch1-1] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-22, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Samsung based SSDs
Device Model:     Samsung SSD 860 EVO 1TB
Serial Number:    S4CSNF0MA00815A
LU WWN Device Id: 5 002538 e49a08082
Firmware Version: RVT03B6Q
User Capacity:    1.000.204.886.016 bytes [1,00 TB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate:    Solid State Device
Form Factor:      2.5 inches
TRIM Command:     Available, deterministic, zeroed
Device is:        In smartctl database 7.3/5319
ATA Version is:   ACS-4 T13/BSR INCITS 529 revision 5
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Sat Feb 25 16:27:20 2023 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00)	Offline data collection activity
					was never started.
					Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0)	The previous self-test routine completed
					without error or no self-test has ever
					been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: 		(    0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: 			 (0x53) SMART execute Offline immediate.
					Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
					Suspend Offline collection upon new
					command.
					No Offline surface scan supported.
					Self-test supported.
					No Conveyance Self-test supported.
					Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003)	Saves SMART data before entering
					power-saving mode.
					Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01)	Error logging supported.
					General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: 	 (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: 	 (  85) minutes.
SCT capabilities: 	       (0x003d)	SCT Status supported.
					SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
					SCT Feature Control supported.
					SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 1
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   096   096   000    Old_age   Always       -       17816
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       935
177 Wear_Leveling_Count     0x0013   098   098   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       29
179 Used_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Tot   0x0013   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
181 Program_Fail_Cnt_Total  0x0032   100   100   010    Old_age   Always       -       0
182 Erase_Fail_Count_Total  0x0032   100   100   010    Old_age   Always       -       0
183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0013   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
187 Uncorrectable_Error_Cnt 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0032   079   057   000    Old_age   Always       -       21
195 ECC_Error_Rate          0x001a   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
199 CRC_Error_Count         0x003e   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
235 POR_Recovery_Count      0x0012   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       27
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       43631484933

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
  256        0    65535  Read_scanning was never started
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
</code>

Otro ejemplo, pero con un disco mecánico (el anterior era SSD):

<code>
$ smartctl -a /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.3 2022-02-28 r5338 [x86_64-linux-6.1.12-arch1-1] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-22, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Seagate Barracuda Green (AF)
Device Model:     ST2000DL003-9VT166
Serial Number:    5YD6785T
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 045faf109
Firmware Version: CC3C
User Capacity:    2.000.398.934.016 bytes [2,00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5900 rpm
Device is:        In smartctl database 7.3/5319
ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Sat Feb 25 16:29:46 2023 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x82)	Offline data collection activity
					was completed without error.
					Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0)	The previous self-test routine completed
					without error or no self-test has ever
					been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: 		(  612) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: 			 (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
					Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
					Suspend Offline collection upon new
					command.
					Offline surface scan supported.
					Self-test supported.
					Conveyance Self-test supported.
					Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003)	Saves SMART data before entering
					power-saving mode.
					Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01)	Error logging supported.
					General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: 	 (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: 	 ( 338) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: 	 (   2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: 	       (0x30b7)	SCT Status supported.
					SCT Feature Control supported.
					SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   101   099   006    Pre-fail  Always       -       85416
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   093   092   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   093   093   020    Old_age   Always       -       7404
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   036    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   087   060   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       4842680032
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   024   024   000    Old_age   Always       -       67349
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   097   097   020    Old_age   Always       -       3482
183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   099    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   098   000    Old_age   Always       -       83
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   075   055   045    Old_age   Always       -       25 (Min/Max 17/25)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       198
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   097   097   000    Old_age   Always       -       7688
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   025   045   000    Old_age   Always       -       25 (0 14 0 0 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered  0x001a   005   003   000    Old_age   Always       -       85416
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       43904 (43 180 0)
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       1167924056
242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       1363793857

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
</code>

===== Recursos =====

  * [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Monitoring,_Analysis_and_Reporting_Technology|Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology]] (Wikipedia)